The problem of overweight prevalence is becoming increasingly important not only in countries with high living standards, but also in developing countries, especially among the urban population. The social significance of obesity is determined by the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases in young patients and decreased overall survival. Given the high prevalence among the population of Tomsk Region of obesity and excessive weight seems actual to establish the extent of the actual impact of this disease on lung function, including patients with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Tomsk Region. The study included 9303 residents of the city ofTomsk, aged 18 to 88 that have passed examinations in Health Centers in 2010–2012. Among the methods of examination in health centers performed anthropometry and evaluation of respiratory function (spirometry). The study established a negative correlation between body mass index and respiratory function. The presence of obesity leads to a deterioration of the lung function parameters and associated with significantly reduces of asthma control and quality of life of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. High prevalence of overweight in the population of residents of Tomsk Region and the impact of this disease on the respiratory system seems actual to develop special programs for weight control in patients with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and adjust screening preventive actions, paying more attention to the prevention of obesity among the population of the region. 

The paper presents the results of breast imaging for 47200 women. Breast cancer was detected in 862 (1.9%) patients, fibroadenoma in 1267 (2.7%) patients and isolated breast cysts in 1162 (2.4%) patients. Different types of fibrocystic breast disease (adenosis, diffuse fibrocystic changes, local fibrosis and others) were observed in 60.1% of women. Problems of breast cancer visualization during mammography, characterized by the appearance of fibrocystic mastopathy (sclerosing adenosis, fibrous bands along the ducts) have been analyzed. Data on the development of diagnostic algorithms including the modern techniques for ultrasound and interventional radiology aimed at detecting early breast cancer have been presented. 

The research objective was a morphological analysis of posttraumatic regeneration of musculoskeletal tissue in rats after experimental blast injury with field simulation of remote musculocutaneous injury of lower limbs. Wound process was evaluated visually and by histological characteristics of injury zones. This research helped to deepen understanding of details of regenerative process of blast musculocutaneous injury and formation of regenerating muscular and connective tissue of skeletal muscle in rats

The aim of this study was to analyze the data of visitors ofTomskhealth centers in order to assess the use of alcohol as a risk factor for NCD in the period from 2010 to 2012.

Material and methods. During the period 2010–2012 examination at the health centers was lead with 9302 people, including 7466 women and 1836 men aged 18 to 88, the average age of visitors was 49.2 ± 15.6. The generated sample statistically dominated by women. Contacting the center each visitor filled “Medical card of the health center”. Everyone was interviewed by the nature of alcohol (patient chooses one answer: casual, small, often, do not drink alcohol) and strengthen of alcoholic beverages (spirits or alcoholic beverages), the fact of smoking.

Results: information about alcohol use was reported in 8730 people among 9302 visitors of health centers in the analyzed period. Maximum prevalence of alcohol consumption was recorded in the age groups 20–29 and 30–39 (85.4 and 85.5%) and decreased in accordance with age, reaching a minimum value in a group of users 70 years and older. Regular alcohol consumption reported in the group of significantly younger people (46.8 ± 14.86 vs 54.01 ± 15.9; p < 0.05). The analysis of the consumed beverages’ for-tress shows that most residents consume alcoholic beverages (5068 peoples, 71.9%), while hard liquor is preferred by only one of three visitors (2191 peoples, 31.1%). It should be noted that younger people prefer low-alcohol drinks and older – strong (46.65 ± 15.26 vs 50.72 ± 13.95; p < 0.05). Urban residents consumed alcohol significantly more often (77.7%) than rural (72.3%) (OR = 1.33; 95% CI 1.15–1.54). Alcohol consumption among workers was 82.7%, which was significantly more frequent (OR = 1.66; 95% CI 1.47–1.88) as compared to non-performing – 73.4%. The frequency of alcohol consumption was significantly higher among those with higher education and amounted to 80.87% as compared to visitors who do not have higher education 76.37% (OR, 1.31; 95% CI 1.16–1.47).

Conclusion. The analysis has revealed that most of the visitors who use alcohol are young people, who prefer soft drinks, and the population in this category increases with age, the number of people who use spirits. Thus, special attention in conducting preventive measures should be paid to young people who do not drink alcohol and consume alcoholic beverages with an emphasis on the adverse impact of even a rare use of alcoholic beverages. 

This paper is concerned with study an influence of the oxidative stress on morphofunctional characteris-tics and elemental composition of bone tissue of the vertebral body rats.

Material and methods. The research carried out on male rats of the Wistar line with weight 250–300 g. All rats were categorized into 4 groups with 10 ones in each: 1 – intact group; 2 and 3 – experimental groups; 4 – control group. Rats from groups 2–4 were under the development of oxidized stress which caused by daily stomach-pump injection (during fortnight) with aqua suspension of synthetic glucocorticoid “Prednisolone” in dose 50 mg/kg. Through three hours after “Prednisolone” the antioxidant “Tiophan” was injected by stomach-pump (dose 100 mg/kg), which was dissolved in 0.2 ml of vegetation oil to laboratory animals from the group 2. Rats from control group got only solvent (vegetative oil 0.2 ml) according the same scheme. Three hours after “Prednisolone” to rats from group 3 were injected of 0.2 ml aquaFontana. It was made for purity the experiment and standartization of manipulations, which are connected with injections into rats’ organisms. The peculiarities of structure of bone tissue of vertebra have been studied by methods of morphohystochemical analysis. The elemental composition of bone tissue was defined by atom-emission analysis method with inductive coupled plasma (spectrometer OPTIMA, code of methodics KHA: MUK.4.1.1482-03).

Results. A development of glucocorticoid-induced oxidative stress results to infraction the histoarchitectonics of bone tissue of vertebra and decreasing the content of cations, which are included to the composition of active centres of pherments of antioxidant protection and prosthetic groups of proteins with an antioxidant activity. Using the antioxidant “Tiophan” proved an existence of its expressed osteoprotective properties. This can be seen from decreasing a level of resorbtion of bone tissue of vertebra while modeling the oxidative stress and increasing the content of Ca, P, Cu, Fe, Zn in bone tissue in compare to data of intact animals.

Conclusion. Polyfunctional S-containing antioxidant of new generation “Tiophan” is a prospective remedy of protecting cells and matrix of bone tissue against infraction caused by active oxygen metabolites during an oxidative stress. 

Introduction. According to modern perceptions, tumor growth, along with oxidative stress formation, is accompanied by hypoxia. Nowadays studying the regulation of cellular molecular system functioning by conformational changes in proteins appears to be a topical issue. Research goal was to evaluate the state of the glutathione system and the level of protein glutathionylation in P19 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells under hypoxic conditions.

Material and methods. P19 EC cells (mouse embryonal carcinoma) cultured under normoxic and hypox-ic conditions served the research material.The concentration of total, oxidized, reduced and protein-bound glutathione, the reduced to oxidized thiol ratio as well as glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activity were determined by spectropho-tometry.

Results. Glutathione imbalance was accompanied by a decrease in P19 EC cell redox status under hypox-ic conditions against the backdrop of a rise in protein-bound glutathione.

Conclusions. As a result of the conducted study oxidative stress formation was identified when modeling hypoxia in P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. The rise in the concentration of protein-bound glutathione may indicate the role of protein glutathionylation in regulation of P19 cell metabolism and functions un-der hypoxia. 

Aim of a research diagnostic aspects of acute haematogenic osteomyelitis (AGO) represent a significant problem due more frequent occurrence of multiple osteomyelitis.

Objective. Reveal the clinical and ultrasound features of multiple osteomyelitis in purulent-septic form of AGO in children.

Material and methods. 59 children aged from birth to 15 years with local (47 peoples) and purulent-septic (12 peoples) form of AGO were studied. Multiple osteomyelitis was diagnosed in four children with purulent-septic form of AGO (11 lesions). Multiple purulent-septic foci were located in the tibia more frequently (4 peoples; 36.4%).

Results: Purulent-septic and local forms of AGO were presented qualitatively by intra- and extramedullar inflammatory phase, and extramedullar phase was prevailed (p = 0.181). Purulent-septic form of AGO comparatively local form was observed more frequent in younger children (p = 0.038) and at a later date of disease manifestation (p = 0.009). Multiple osteomyelitis with several septic intra- and intraosseous foci (33.3% and 66.7%, respectively) was observed in children with purulent-septic form of AGO only. The same child could have bone septic foci in one, and in the different phases of the disease.

Conclusion. Multiple osteomyelitis occurs in 30–35% of children with purulent-septic form of AGO and it is more frequent in younger children and in later periods from the beginning of the disease clinical man-ifestation. Multiple osteomyelitis is characterized by polymorphism of ultrasound manifestations. 

Objective: study sesquiterpene lactones ludartin and leukomisin lipid-lowering properties on the model of acute hyperlipidemia induced by ethanol in rats.

Material and methods. Rats during 7 days injected into the stomach ludartin and leukomisin in a dose 10 mg/kg or reference drug nicotinic acid in a dose 25 mg/kg. Hyperlipidemia caused by single introduc-tion of ethanol into the stomach in a dose 5 g/kg. In blood serum of tail vein measured the triacylgly-cerols, total cholesterol, high density and low density lipoproteins cholesterol, also the level of free fatty acids. Calculated the ratio of high density lipoproteins cholesterol to the amount of low density lipopro-teins cholesterol and the index of atherogenicity.

Results. A single dose of ethanol increased serum level of triacylglycerols in 1.9 times, free fatty acids – in 3.2 times, low density lipoproteins – on 44% in comparison with the intact animals indices. It shows the development of acute hyperlipidemia. Serum total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins cholesterol and the index of atherogenicity were not changed. Course introduction of sesquiterpene lactones ludartin and leukomisin against the background of acute hyperlipidemia was accompanied by a decrease in the serum of triacylglycerols levels respectively by 37.5% and 49.5%. Nicotinic acid lowered the content of triacylglycerols by 42.4%. Ludartin, leukomisin and nicotinic acid reduced the increased level of free fatty acids in the blood serum by 63.4%, 41.6% and 67.9%. Ludartin, leukomisin and nicotinic acid de-creased by 15.8%, 20.3% and 17.2% of total cholesterol in the blood serum. In acute hyperlipidemia ludartin and leukomisin reduced low density lipoproteins cholesterol by 23.8% and 14.8%, respectively, nicotinic acid – by 15.7%. Both of sesquiterpene lactone and nicotinic acid did not modify the content of high density lipoproteins cholesterol. When introduction ludartin and nicotinic acid ratio of high density lipoproteins cholesterol to the amount of low density lipoproteins cholesterol significantly increased by 32.7% and 22.1% respectively.

Conclusion. Sesquiterpene lactones ludartin and leukomisin posses hypolipidemic effect in acute experi-mental hyperlipidemia caused by the ethanol introduction. Lactones normalize many indices of lipid me-tabolism, which can be caused by different biochemical targets of these molecules. Lactones, as nicotinic acid, in the model of acute hyperlipidemia decrease in blood serum triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, and low density lipoproteins cholesterol content. 

A new methodological approach to analysis and interpretation of data from a multifaceted analysis ELISA IgG has been provided. The possibility for identification of a “norma-pathology” criterion, on the basis of research yielding a frequency spectrum (or probability density function-PDF) of IgG-immune responses in the integral IgG-immune reply is shown. The possibility for unified diagnostic of hypersensi-tivity type III in patients with varying levels of food disadaptation and symptoms of pathological reac-tions to food antigens is shown too. 

Introduction. One of the important problems of modern surgery is the local drug treatment of inflamma-tory processes of soft tissues, which is associated with a high prevalence of this disease, the desensitization of microorganisms to antibiotics.

Objectives. Prove experimentally the possibility of using chlorhexidine bigluconate immobilized form in the treatment of purulent wounds.

Methods. The analysis of the results of experimental studies of wound healing process on 180 Wistar rats line in the treatment of the following composition of ointment: chlorhexidine bigluconate 0.5% – 30.0; methyluracil – 2.0; polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate – 70.0. Animals were divided into 3 statistically ho mogeneous groups of 60 animals each. In the series comparison, local wound treatment was carried out using the ointment «Levomecol» (chloramphenicol + metiluratsil), while in the series pilot – using an immobilized form of chlorhexidine bigluconate, a control series of no treatment.

Results. Percentage reduction in the series pilot area of the wounds was higher than in the series comparison on day 10 to 12.8%, on day 15 to 11.1%. In the series pilot of animals microbial contamination of wounds (CFU in1 g of tissue) was lower than in the wounds of the series comparison on the 5th day – on 4,3 ∙ 105 and on the 10th day –62,5 ∙ 103. At the same period, the number of fibroblasts in the wounds of the series pilot was more by 10.6 and 9.4%.

Conclusion. The use of an immobilized forms of chlorhexidine bigluconate in the treatment of the first phase of purulent wounds pathogenetically justified and effective. 

The research goal was to formulate and substantiate the hypothesis explaining support for an expiratory air flow in case of pulmonary emphysema. The research method consisted in comparing the mechanical properties of lungs in practically healthy individuals (37 individuals, mean age – (30.4 ± 1.7) y.o.) and COPD patients with pronounced lung emphysema (30 patients, mean age – (52.1 ± 2.3) y.o.) as well as those of isolated normal lungs (n = 14) and isolated lungs of patients who died of COPD (n = 5). Pulmo-nary mechanics was studied via the simultaneous measurement of transpulmonary pressure and lung ven-tilation volume. General lung hysteresis and elastic lung hysteresis were calculated. The mechanical properties of isolated lungs were studied using passive ventilation under the Donders bell. The air flow was interrupted in order to measure alveolar pressure and develop an elastic lung hysteresis curve. Pres-sure in the Donders bell was changed by means of a special pump in automatic and manual modes. The research has not revealed any fundamental differences between the mechanical properties of the normal and emphysematous lungs. A minimum increase in the pressure inside the Donders bell over atmospheric pressure used to stop air ejection in both normal and the emphysematous lungs as the result of flap-valve bronchial obstruction. In living beings, air is ejected from lungs with an increase in pressure under the conditions of forced expiration. Pressure increases up to (38.6 ± 2.71) cm H2O in healthy individuals and up to (20.5 ± 1.86) cm H2O in COPD patients. Probably, an expiratory air flow is supported by active expiratory bronchial dilatation that counteracts flap-valve bronchial obstruction. The hypothesis is based on the confirmed ability of the lungs to perform inspiratory actions (in addition to the action of respiratory muscles) and the theory of mechanical lung activity.

Objective. To evaluate the main indicators characterizing the rigidity of the vascular wall in healthy ado-lescents with such risk factors (RF) for arterial hypertension (AH) as a family history on hypertension and smoking. Identify changes in the initial elastic-elastic properties of the arteries at the preclinical stage of development of hypertension.

Material and methods. It was formed two groups of comparison. Age studied from 13 to 17 years (mean age (15.00 ± 0.31) years). The first group consisted of 30 healthy adolescents whose parents suffer from hypertension from a young age. The second group consisted of 30 healthy smokers teenager from healthy parents. The control group consisted of 30 healthy adolescents from healthy parents. Determines the basic stiffness of the vascular wall: PWV, CAVI, SAI.

Results. A significant in crease in the indicators characterizing the rigidity of the vascular wall in the two comparison groups relative to the control. PWV: 6,89 ± 0,56 (first group), 7.13 ± 0.55 (second group) and 5.5 ± 0.41 (control), p < 0.05.L-CAVI: 5,46 ± 0,39 (first group), 5.84 ± 0.61 (second group) and 4.32 ± 0.41 (control), p < 0.05.R-CAVI: 5,63 ± 0,39 (first group), 5.89 ± 0.56 (second group) and 4.49 ± 0.41(control), p < 0.05. R-AI: 0,89 ± 0,09 (first group), 0.95 ± 0.12 (second group) and 0.62 ± 0.1 (control), p < 0.05.

Smoking teenagers and adolescents with family history of hypertension, there are changes in the initial stiffness of the vessel wall, which requires the allocation of at-riskfor the development of hypertension and prevention activities at the preclinical stage of development ofthe disease.

The authors of the review have analyzed papers published on the problem of pathogenesis chronic kidney disease (CKD), which the experts of the K/DOQI (Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative) Advisory Board (National Kidney Foundation, USA) is defined as the presence of kidney damage or decreased level of kidney function for three months or more, irrespective of diagnosis. It is shown that the specific mechanisms which result directly from the nature of the disease, completely determine the course of CKD in its initial stage, whereas further reduction in the number of intact nephrons, cascade is initiated univer-sal for all of nephropathy pathological processes, culminating in the formation of nephrosclerosis, often even if the reason that caused the initial damage to the nephrons is eliminated: hyperfiltration, hypercoag-ulability, impaired renal transport protein, changes in the expression of mediators of cell damage, meta-bolic and endocrine mechanisms, polymorphism of genes controlling the expression of nephrotropic bio-logically active substances. Analyzed published data demonstrate that renal protection strategy (complex therapies aimed at the inhibition of the irreversible deterioration of kidney function and affect common to all of nephropathy mechanisms of progression) can slow the progression of CKD. 

The methods of choledocholithiasis treatment, which are currently used in clinics of the Russian Federa-tion, has been presented. The problems of diagnosis and treatment of gallstones (GSD) in individuals of different age groups are spotlighted. In the study of treatment of cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis, including arising complications, it can be concluded that so far the ideal method of treatment of this pa-thology has not been found. Up to now, the majority of doctor’s main treatment is surgical removal of gall stones by some method or other.

This article also considers a conservative approach (drug: antispasmodics (selective and nonselective), and non-pharmacological: treatment, diet), describes the criteria and assessment of the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions that help in the question of further treatment: the continuation of drug therapy or assignment of surgical treatment. Invasive techniques that are covered in the article, namely, a tech-nique of remote and endoscopic lithotripsy, are high-tech and in demand at the moment, which, along with high efficiency removal of a stone, reduced the number and severity of postoperative complications. Additionally, in the analysis of the features of a particular method of treatment, advantages and disadvantages of different treatment methods are described, indications and contraindications (absolute and relative) together with complications, possible outcomes, and further prognosis are high-lighted. 

The objective of the research is a review of approaches to the evaluation of biocompatibility of medical devices on the basis of metals and alloys, and to find ways of overcoming the low engraftment of implanted structures. Implantation by artificial materials allows us to regain the use of human organs and tissues and to date has no rivals. The advantage of using metals and alloys for implanted structures is their high reliability in operation, long servicelife, and high functionality. The nature of the interaction between the human body and the implant has an impact on resource use and the durability of the structures. Manufacturers of scientific research into medical implants at the present stage are directed to obtain materials that will not adversely affect the human body, and to ensure the maximum survival rate when using them. At the same time, the data presented in the article suggests that attempts to make higher biocompatible material properties tend to reduce the development of new methods for the surface treatment and the chemical composition modulation implants. World literature demonstrates the lack of a systematic approach to the problem of increased sensitivity of patients to different metals and alloys (metal sensitization), resulting in the development of complications such as the development of aseptic inflammation and infectious complications of unstable structures, and loss of functionality. Consequently, there is a need to search for ways to improve the biocompatibility of materials used in medicine, based on an assessment of immune defense mechanisms, and the development of algorithms preoperative tactics. 

In this article some brief information about medical control organization and industrial gymnastics in the country and WesternSiberiain the thirtieth is given. The role of the Regional Research cabinet of medi-cal control in this process is characterized. The work of medical and PC institutions is regarded 

The history of the oldest Department of theSiberianStateMedicalUniversity– Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases has been presented