Mitochondria import hundreds of different precursor proteins from the cytosol, and only 13 proteins are encoded by mtDNA itself. Recent investigations demonstrated real size of mitochondrial proteome and complexity of their functions There are many methods using for mitochondrial proteome profiling, that help to understand a molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial functions and identify the causes of disruptions that lead to different disorders. In this review we discuss a recent data in the field of mitochondrial proteomics.

A Endothelial protective and antithrombogenic effects of Cimicifuga racemosa standardized extract (Klimadynon, Bionorica, Germany) in comparison with ethinylestradiol in experimental ovariectomy were investigated. Extract of Cimicifuga racemosa (klimadynon) contents phytoestrogens, that was the basis for studying of its effects in hypoestrogenic conditions for the purpose of prophylaxis and treatment of cardiovascular complications in climacteric syndrome as an alternatively of hormonal replacement therapy.
The course administration of klimadynon (100 mg/kg p.o. daily during 14 days) decelerated the formation of intravascular thrombosis which was initiated by application of 10% FeCb solution on carotid artery. The ethinylestradiol in this conditions intensified prothrombogenic effect of application of 10% FeCh: blood flow in carotid artery stoped to 5 minutes of experiment and mass of the thrombus was on 28% more, than in control rats. For studying of possible mechanisms antithrombogenic action of klimadynon antiplatelet and vasodilator activity of endothelium were studied in rats after bilateral ovariectomy in comparison with effects of ethinylestradiol (25 µg/kg p.o. daily during 14 days). Treatment with klimadynon as well as ethinylestradiol increased the antiplatelet activity of endothelium, restoring its activity to level in sham-operated animals. The endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independence vasodilation by using of acetylcholine (5 µg/kg) and of sodium nitroprusside (30 µg/kg). respectively, were investigated. Coefficient of endothelium dysfunctions (CED) was estimated as ratio: area over curve of arterial pressure after sodium nitroprusside intravenous injection to value of this index after injection of acetylcholine. In rats after bilateral ovariectomy CED was increased by 66% in comparison with CED value in sharm-operated rats. The klimadynon and ethinylestradiol treatment decreased CED on 42% and 28% correspondingly in comparison with values of control group.
In summary klimadynon has antytrombogenic and endothelial protective activities in the rats after ovariectomy. The ethinylestradiol decreases endothelial disfunction in ovariectomized rats, but unlike klimadynon demonstrates protrombogenic effect. The present findings suggest that klimadynon could be used as a therapeutic agent for menopausal vascular complication.

The method of spontaneous and induced luminol -dependent chemiluminescence in homogenates of rat retinas OXYS registered increase in the generation of free radicals against decrease in total antioxidant  activity.  With  the  ultra-microscopic  and  quantitative  analysis  revealed  degenerative retinal neurons rats OXYS: the percentage increase in neurosensory cells with pyknosis of nuclei, hyperchromatic piknomorfnyh associative neurons and ganglion n eurons that have been modified on a light and dark type. Thiophane, limiting free radical reactions in the retina and protects retinal neurons from damage.

Vitiligo is a disease with unknown etiology, which is characterized by skin depigmentation areas due to melanocyte death. Lack of clear understanding of pathogenic disease processes justifies the difficulty of choosing efficient treatment methods. Repigmentation is slow and not always complete. One of the key indicators in practical dermatology is objective assessment of skin cover condition for further diagnostics, definition of therapy and dynamics of the disease.
The purpose of this study is to assess skin reflection spectrum in depigmentation areas, marginal layer and visible healthy skin before and after treatment of patients with vitiligo.
21 patients having vitiligo were under observation; the patients were treated in the hospital of skin and venereal diseases of the Siberian State Medical University. The authors applied noninvasive method of spectrophotometry for the first time in order to study skin reflection spectrum of patients with vitiligo. Noninvasive medical spectrophotometry is based on dependence factor of integral optical properties of biological tissues and fluids in the conditions of homeostasis and in case of pathology. In order to assess the efficiency of skin disease treatment the patients were exposed to skin spectrophotometry before the beginning of the treatment and after the treatment itself with further measurements of the reflection spectrum integral criteria. The measurements were made in depigmentation area, on the boundary with healthy skin and in remote from depigmentation area of healthy skin.
Obtained results indicate the difference of skin reflection spectra in the areas under investigation. Moreover, positive dynamics of the treatment associated with the decrease in the value of reflection spectrum integral criteria in the diseased area. There were no statistically important differences of the integral criteria, calculated based on measurement results of reflection spectra on the boundary of depigmentation area before and after treatment. Most likely this is related to active processes of repigmentation in the skin in the course of the treatment.
For detailed study of identified phenomena there is a need for thorough study and expansion of the list of dermatologic diseases.

The method of gas-liquid chromatography investigates composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids of membrane of erythrocytes, discharged of navel bloods neonatal from mothers who have transferred in the season gestation exacerbation herpes of an infection contamination and his influence on microviscosity of membrane. Essential infringements of data exchange of bonds in navel bloods neonatal with an exacerbation  herpes  infection  contaminations  (antiserum  capacity  IgG  to  virus  of  simple  herpes  of  1  type 1 : 12 800) which show deficiency essential ω-3 acids at simultaneous augmentation of the precursor proinflammatory eicosanoid ω-6 arachidonic acids, promoting augmentation of relative microviscosity of membrane of erythrocytes that will be one of probable causes of development of hypoxia are found.

The purpose of the study – to study the effect of polyphenolic compounds extracted from the flowers of safflower oil and calendula, the functional activity of immune cells in cytotoxic immune suppression.
Conventional methods determined the total number of splenocytes, relative (%) and absolute (106), the number of antibody-forming cells (AFC) in the spleen of mice by local hemolysis by Cunningham.
Evaluated the effect of compounds of natural origin on the cellular immune response in the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). Phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages was determined by the method based on the intensity of their capture ink particles. We studied the functional activity of peritoneal macrophages by NBT test (spontaneous and stimulated). Studies were conducted on male mice Category 1 (conventional linear mouse) line CBA/CaLac aged 2–2.5 months, weighing 20–22 g. After the introduction mice line CBA/CaLac of polyphenolic compounds derived from flowers of Carthamus tinctorius and flowers of Calendula officinalis L. during the 5-day course in dose 50 mg/kg was observed stimulation of the humoral immune response (total number of splenocytes, the number of antibodies in the spleen cells) and the functional activity of macrophages and Immunomodulating effect on the humoral immunity and the functional activity of macrophages after a single injection of cyclophosphamide in dose 250 mg/kg. Immunotropic activity of polyphenolic compounds is higher than that those of the reference product of tincture of Echinacea purpurea.

The aim of the study was to determine the relationship of global and regional cerebral atrophy and volume of demyelination lesions in the brain with a clinical picture in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The study involved 55 patients with MS. Control group included 22 healthy volunteers. Patients were divided into groups according to the severity of disability, the type and duration of disease. Assessment of general and regional atrophy was performed by post-process volumetric segmentation of MRI data, which was acquired at 3T Philips Achieva scanner. The post-processing was done with the FreeSurfer software. It is shown that in MS patients brain atrophy develops both by means of gray matter (including the cortex and subcortical structures), and white matter, along with demyelination. Global and regional atrophy is associated with the severity of disability of patients according to EDSS scale, but not with the duration and type of the disease. Neurodegenerative changes of brain structures evolve with different rates, have different intensity and determine the set of symptoms of neurological impairment and severity of disability, which indicates the presence of certain patterns of the process of atrophy in the brain, forming the clinical picture of the disease.

Crohn’s disease (CD) and tuberculosis (TB) share several mechanisms of pathogenesis, and this suggests they also have common genetic susceptibility factors. To test this hypothesis, we performed the analysis of association between TB and polymorphisms of genes associated with CD, according to the results of genome-wide association studies, in Russians from Tomsk and indigenous people from Tuva. For the first time, The rs2872507 (ORMDL3), rs3810936 (TNFSF15), rs10192702 (ATG16L1), rs9286879 (1q24.3), rs10507523 (13q14.11) polymorphisms were found to be associated with TB in Russians. The rs1407308 (TNFSF15) and rs1736135 (21q21.1) were associated with the disease in Tuvinians. The associations found are likely due to the functional role of the relevant proteins and their pathogenetic influence on the immune reaction underlying tuberculosis infection. Overall, the study of polymorphisms associated with CD allowed us to identify new candidate genes for TB.

Histochrome is the medicinal form of echinochrome (2, 3, 5, 6, 8-pentahydroxy-7-ethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone). Arisen during clinical application of the drug questions concerning its biotransformation have predetermined the aim of this research: to study participation liver monooxygenase system in maintenance of histochrome’s pharmacological activity.
Simple and informative method of the lifetime control of liver monooxygenase systems influence on a metabolism of a medical product is the estimation of changes of pharmacological effect of a r esearched preparation on a background microsomal oxidations i nhibitor. In experiments on rats chloramphenicol action on diuretic effect of histochrome, as the most convenient for screening, was i nvestigated.
To control group of animals during 10 days were hypodermically entered by histochrome in a doze of 10 mg/kg (n = 15). Experimental animals preliminary oral received 50 mg/kg of chloramphenicol before three hours of histochrome introduction (n = 16). In both groups of animals measured volume daily excretion of water, creathinin, sodium and potassium ions excretions in experimental rats each two days. The initial level of parameters of excretory kidneys functions were estimated before introduction of preparations at animals.
Long-term histochrome’s injection was followed by a fivefold increasing of water excretion and simultaneously creathinin growth one. Allocation of ions of sodium was statistically significantly increased by 11-th day of experiment, and potassium ions – since the ninth day of histochrome injection. In conditions preliminary chloramphenicol applications volume daily daily urine output and creathinin excretion were essentially less control parameters. Allocation with urine of ions of sodium was decreased almost twice in comparison with the values, fixed at introduction histochrome. Excretion potassium ions ware corresponded to an initial level during all period of supervision.
Taking into account, that chloramphenicol is powerful inhibitor of microsomal oxidations in a liver, it was logical to assume, that excretion functions decrease of kidneys was connected to oppression of the echinochrome metabolism, and the diuretic effect of a preparation was caused not so much primary substance, how many of its metabolism products. Most likely, echinochrome metabolite raises speed glomerular filtrations, providing diuretic reaction of a preparation.

Autoimmune oophoritis (AO) is characterized by damage of generative and endocrine elements of the ovaries and leads to the formation of secondary insufficiency of the gonads. A question about the use of glucocorticoids (GC) for the correction of AO remains debatable.
Objective: to study the electron-microscopic changes of structural-tissue cells in autoimmune ovariano ophoritis and after its correction by glucocorticoids in the experiment.
The material. The experiment was performed on outbred white Mature rats-female. The main group of animals (12 rats) were simulated AO by intra-peritoneal introduction of antigens of ovarian. At 5th day prednisolone was injected to rats («Nycomed», Austria) in the dose of 3 mg/kg of body weight intramuscularly 14-day course. A comparison group (12 rats) were the animals with the model AO no course Ledger therapy. Controlintact rats (6 animals). Taking of the material was carried out by the 20th and the 60th day.
Methods. The study of the ultrastructure ovaries were performed using transmission electron microscopy. The material was fixed 2.5% glutaraldehyde, postfixed in 2% solution of osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in ethyl alcohols rising concentration and placed in a mixture of resins Epon-Araldite. Sections were prepared on Ultrotom III (LKB, Sweden). To view the drugs used an electron microscope JEM-7A (Japan). Results. On the 20th day of the pilot AO there are significant ultrastructural changes of vessels, concerning mainly endothelial layer. Degenerative and destructive changes affected endocrinocytes in the composition of the libraries and granular, овоциты majority of antral follicles. The 60-day pathologic processes involved and preantral follicles in the medulla develop perivascular fibrosis-sclerotic changes. Holding GC therapy on the 5th day AO reduces ultrastructural breach the walls of blood vessels, limits migration of immune cells in the home defeat on the 20th day. By the 60th day in the conditions of the restored the blood tissue transport is the formation of full-fledged generative elements, confirmed by the results of electron microscopy study.
Conclusion. The obtained experimental data are demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of the GC-therapy in the early stages of AO.

Optimization of pharmacotherapy, as improving the quality of care is an important goal of modern medicine. The solution to this problem can be realized with the development and adoption of clear formal criteria. Using aprocess-based approach, we have developed a method for detecting defects in pharmacotherapy. We have analyzed the prospects of using this approach to research the quality of pharmacotherapy in health care and the formation of national programs to improve the quality of care.

There were 24 patients with chronic adenoiditis in the 1st group, another 24 patients with chronic adenoiditis in association with otitis media effusion (OME) were included in the 2d group. The study of mucosal immunity included assessment of SIgA, IL-6, IFN- and IL-10 levels in nasal washes. Decrease of SIgA content and increase of the number of IFN-γ-positive samples was revealed in children from the 2nd clinical group, which allows to regard these characteristics of the mucosal immunity as the risk factors for the development of otitis media with effusion.

Aim of the study. We have compared in patients with carotid atherosclerosis the patterns of contrast enhancement of atherosclerotic plaque with presence of cerebral stroke, by using of high-resolution contrast-enhanced carotid MRI.
Material and methods. The patients 'population comprised 26 persons with either monolateral (14 pts) or bilateral (12 pts) stenosis of internal carotid artery for over 70% of lumen. In 15 (10-monolateral, 5 bilateral stenosis) there was recent stroke in acute or subacute stage, whereas 11 were symptom-free. In everybody contrast-enhanced study of atherosclerotic plaque was carried out with T1-w high-resolution MRI (paramagnetic as 2 ml of 0.5 mol solution per 10 kg of BW).
Results and discussion. In control persons there was a mild increase in T1-w intensity of arterial wall of carotids? With IE not more than 1.08. In patients without stroke there was moderate increase in plaque T-1w intensity up to 1.14 ± 0.07. In ishaemic stroke patients there was significant rise in intensity of T1-w of homolateral plaque (IE = 1.35 ± 0.06), and also of T1-w of arterial wall as whole (IE = 1.19 ± 0.05).
Conclusion. Further detailed study of high-resolution MRI of carotids is worth in order to obtain better imaging of atherosclerotic lesions and also better evaluation of risk of stroke in patients suitable for carotid endarterectomy.

Proteolytic systems of tissue and blood plasma take part in the processes of adaptation and protection of an organism, as well as in development of pathological reactions. 201 prematurely newborn of various degree gestation with hypoxemic affection of the central nervous system were under observation. We have studied the activity of kallikrein, kallikreinogen in newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. The activity of the kallikrein-kinin system was increased in all the groups against the background of the decreased inhibitory activity of blood plasma of different intensity, which can be used for the prediction of the course of diseases.

The aim of this study were to develop a radionuclide method for quantitative estimation of the myocardial blood flow (MBF). Twelve patients with suspected coronary artery disease underwent both Tc-99mmethoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) imaging and coronary arterial injection of Tc-99m-radioalbumin macroaggregates (MAA). The myocardial uptake and MBF obtained using radionuclide angiocardiography and relative distributions of Tc-99m-MIBI were compared with the obtained using whole body with MAA as the gold standard. The myocardial uptake and MBF measured by MIBI imaging showed a good linear correlation with the myocardial uptake and MBF measured by MAA. These results indicate that MBF may be estimated by Tc-99m-MIBI imaging and can be used for the early detection and estimation of the functional severity of coronary lesions.

The purpose of this publication – to familiarize the readers with the newest achievements in the field of vision   machine   technologies   with   regard to the   occlusal   plethysmography.   The   principle   of plethysmograph work is similar to a principle of mechanical occlusal plethysmograph work, with that only a difference that working measuring environment (gas or liquid) is replaced with laser labels, and fixation of change of volume is made by machine vision with the subsequent computer processing. Application of laser technologies of machine vision in future considerably simplified process of diagnostics, will allow to carry out diagnostics repeatedly and under various conditions of, for example, case of external action on the examined finiteness of the of heat, cold, physical exercise, and so, is representative of more and accurate picture of the state of blood vessels in the dynamics.

Objective: To describe the ethical concept of the fetus as a patient and identify its implications for the deliberative practice of perinatal medicine.
Methods: We describe secular medical ethics and its two fundamental principles, beneficence and respect for autonomy. We articulate the ethical concept of the fetus as a patient on the basis of the ethical principle of beneficence.
Results: In the deliberative practice of perinatal medicine guided by the ethical concept of the fetus as a patient, the perinatologist should always identify and balance beneficence-based obligations to the fetal patient and beneficence-based and autonomy-based obligations to the pregnant patient. Directive counseling is appropriate when the fetus is a patient. Non-directive counseling is appropriate when the fetus is not a patient.
Conclusion: Counseling pregnant women about the clinical management of their pregnancies should always identify and balance beneficence-based obligations to the fetal patient and beneficence-based and autonomy-based obligations to the pregnant patient.

The article is devoted to questions of the formation of foreign-language lexical competence as the language basis of Medical students’ communicative competence, the main concepts relating to the lexical aspect of foreign language training are interpreted, the attention is paid to the lexical component as the most essential one of both expressional and receptive types of speech activity, levels of the formation of lexical competence as necessary stages of its gradual development are shown. The author pays attention to lexical skills as the integral structural component of foreign-language professional lexical competence in a framework of interdisciplinary connections characterizing their features and conditions of its development, the advantage of lexical competence formation on an interdisciplinary basis is pointed out while taking into consideration the linguistic features of the language material and also applying the results of students’ educational activity.

The absence of an ideal medicine for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes, that would be able to provide not only high quality and constant monitoring of glycemia without increasing body weight, with no risk of hypoglycemia, with no negative impact on the heart, kidneys, liver, but could also ensure the preservation of the secretory function of β-cells, makes scientists continue to search for new opportunities to influence the occurrence and progression of T2D.
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are the two primary incretin hormones secreted from the intestine on ingestion of glucose or nutrients to stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Within the pancreas, GIP and GLP-1 together promote β-cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis, thereby expanding pancreatic β-cell mass, while GIP enhances postprandial glucagon response and GLP-1 suppresses it. In adipose tissues, GIP but not GLP-1 facilitates fat deposition. In bone, GIP promotes bone formation while GLP-1 inhibits bone absorption. In the brain, both GIP and GLP-1 are thought to be involved in memory formation as well as the control of appetite. In addition to these differences, secretion of GIP and GLP-1 and their insulinotropic effects on β-cells have been shown to differ in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to healthy subjects.
Enteroinsulin hormones' role in the development of gestational disorder of carbohydrate metabolism is poorly understood.
In a review article we analyze the publications that summarize what is known about the pancreatic and extra-pancreatic GIP and GLP-1-effects compared with healthy subjects and type 2 diabetes patients. The aspects of gestational diabetes pathophysiology and the perspectives for studying enteroinsulin hormonal system during pregnancy are also discussed in the article.

In this retrospective study, we report the frequency and main causes of sudden deaths in Moscow over 3year period. Frequency of sudden death is 78 134 cases. Males were 63.0% of cases. The incidence of sudden death was highest in the 2 age extremes (39% were 40–59 year old and 57.5% were elderly). The most important direct causes of sudden death were cardiovascular diseases (93%). 15% of outpatient medical records were filled in the course of pronouncement of death. A divergence in diagnosis occurred in 45.1 % of cases.

We studied the аntiarrhythmic activity of novel sterically hindered phenols – 4-methyl-2,6diisobornilphenol (dibornol) in acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in male Wistar rats. Left coronary artery occlusion (10 min) in control group induced different ventricular arrhythmia and 23% mortality of animals. Dibornol (p.o. administration 100 mg/kg 24 and 3 hours before ischemia) did not change frequency and kinds of arrhythmia in acute ischemia, but significantly reduced the frequency and serious of arrhythmia in the reperfusion period, decreased the mortality of rats due to lethal arrhythmia.

The history of a scientific medical society of physicians in Russia and Tomsk. Describe the contribution of outstanding scientists and clinicians in the development of society practitioners, as well as large schools known not only in Russia but also abroad. Outlines the achievements of the last decade.

This publication is devoted to the personality and creative designs of uncommon American scientist, the engineer and the inventor – Norman Jefferis «Jeff» Holter. Norman Jefferis Holter introduced the terminology of «nuclear medicine» for the name of the new at that time area which associated with employment of the achievements of the nuclear physics in the medical goals. Also he is the author of ambulatory cardiological monitoring.

Viktor Ivanovich Moskvin – largest children's surgeon, Professor, doctor of medical Sciences, the student of the founder of Siberian school of pediatric surgery of Professor I.S. Vengerovsky.

To 80th birthday

To 70th birthday

To 60 year career anniversary