Objective. Dibornol-HES, a water-soluble drug based on the derivative of 2,6-diisobornyl-4-methylphenol Dibornol conjugated with hydroxyethyl starch, can reduce the occurrence and severity of arrhythmias by preventive intravenous administration, but it is unknown whether the drug could reduce the myocardial arrhythmogenicity once ischemia has developed at the developed ischemia.

Materials and methods. In the model of acute ischemia / reperfusion of the rabbit heart, the effect of Dibornol-HEC (80 mg/kg body weight of the animal) on the electrophysiological indices characterizing myocardial arrhythmogenicity (global and border dispersion of repolarization) was studied during the restoration of blood flow. In the model of acute ischemia / reperfusion with 64 unipolar epicardial leads, the activation-recovery intervals were measured and global and border dispersion of repolarization in the native rabbits (control group, n = 9) and in the rabbits treated by Dibornol-HES (on the 25th minute of occlusion, the experimental group, n = 6).

Results. The introduction of Dibornol-HES did not lead to a change in the electrocardiographic parameters of rabbits. By the 30th minute of the coronary occlusion on the ECG in the animals of the control and the experimental groups, the intervals RR, QT, QTc were shortened (p < 0.05). In the animals of both groups by the 30th minute of coronary occlusion, the global dispersion of repolarization increased (p < 0.05), the boundary dispersion of repolarization also increased (p < 0.05), due to the decrease in the duration of the activation-recovery intervals in the ischemic zone (p < 0.05). During the 30-minute reperfusion the magnitude of the global dispersion of repolarization did not change in animals of the both groups, and the magnitude of the border dispersion of repolarization in the control rabbits decreased (p < 0.05), while in the rabbits treated by Dibornol-HES the border dispersion of repolarization did not changed.

Conclusion. In rabbits of the experimental group, the values of the global and border dispersions of repolarization did not differ from those of the animals in the control group. Therefore, the administration to Dibornol-HES just prior to reperfusion does not lead to the decrease in the dispersion of repolarization increased as a result of acute ischemic myocardial damage.

The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the ratio of classical (CD14++CD16-), intermediate (CD14++CD16+), nonclassical (CD14+CD16+) and transient (CD14+CD16–) monocytes in the blood and bone marrow in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) against ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP).

Materials and methods. 17 patients with ICMP and 14 practically healthy donors were observed. The material of the study was venous blood (in patients and healthy donors) and red bone marrow (in patients). In the materials the relative content of different monocytes subpopulations was determined by flow cytometry. The obtained results were analyzed by statistical methods.

Results. It is shown that in the blood of patients the proportion of monocytes with the phenotype CD14++CD16- is 57.77 [of 46.35; 79.76]%, CD14++CD16+ – 25.06 [4.96; 42.31]%, CD14+CD16+ 5.05 [4.08; 6.58]% and CD14+CD16- – 6.03 [3.58; 10.89]%; in the bone marrow – 43.44 [40.54; 44.68]%, 0.16 [0; 1.07]%, 0,54 [0.35; 1.07]% and 54,32 [52.83; 56.08]%, respectively, which is different from the content of the data cells subpopulations in the blood (p < 0.05). At the same time, the content of non-classical monocytes in the patients’ blood is 2 times lower than in healthy donors, and the number of other cells varies within the norm.

Conclusion. The differentiation of monocytes into 4 subpopulations in patients with CHF occurs directly in the bloodstream, since mainly the classical and transitional monocyte fractions with the prevalence of the latter are present in the bone marrow. Deficiency of non-classical monocytes of blood in CHF is probably associated with a disruption of their extramedullary differentiation.

Aim. The deficit of thyroid function is known to be accompanied by an increase in the overall peripheral vascular resistance. This work tested the hypothesis that long-term hypothyroidism leads to an increase in the vasoconstrictor effect of Rho-kinase in skeletal muscle and heart resistance arteries of adult rats.

Materials and methods. Male Wistar rats consumed the antithyroid drug propylthiouracil (PTU) in drinking water (0.025%), starting at 10 weeks of age. The rats of the control group received PTU-free water. After 14 weeks, the contractile responses of the gastrocnemius muscle arteries (to the α1-adrenoceptor agonist methoxamine) and the septal coronary artery (to the thromboxane A2 receptor agonist U46619) were isometrically recorded. The contribution of the Rho-kinase to the arterial contractile responses was assessed using inhibitor Y27632 (3 μM).

Results. The consumption of propylthiouracil was accompanied by a marked decrease of thyroid hormone concentrations and an increase in total cholesterol serum level as well as a decrease in body weight. Maximal contractile responses of studied arteries were also reduced in hypothyroid rats. However, basal tone and reactivity to the moderate concentrations of agonists in arteries of hypothyroid rats were increased compared to control animals. Y27632 significantly weakened the contractile responses of the arteries and negated the differences between the two groups of rats.

Conclusion. Chronic hypothyroidism leads to an increase in the activity of the Rho-kinase signaling pathway in the arteries of the gastrocnemius muscle and heart, which results in the increase of the spontaneous tone of the arteries and their reactivity to agonists.

Objective. Evaluation of the psychological well-being and hardiness in adolescents with cardiac symptoms.

Materials and methods. The study involved 80 people aged 18–24 years, a relatively healthy sample. To assess the existential characteristics, the scale of psychological well-being of С. Ryff in the adaptation of N.N. Lepeshinsky. To assess the psychological quality of hardiness, the S. Maddi questionnaire was used in adaptation D.A. Leontiev, E.I. Rasskazova. To assess the psychosomatic component of cardiac symptoms the Giessen questionnaire of psychosomatic complaints was used. Descriptive statistics methods, the Mann – Whitney test for independent samples, a one-way analysis of variance with a posteriori pairwise comparison using the Newman-Keuls test were used.

Results. For members of the healthy sample at the age of 18–24 years, the severity of psychosomatic cardiac complaints is relatively homogeneous by sex and age; the most significant differences in existential characteristics and hardiness in connection with the severity of psychosomatic cardiac symptoms fall on indicators of “commitment”, “control”, “environmental management”. Conclusion. The most significant and discriminating contribution to the prevention of psychosomatic cardiac complaints is such existential and stress-coping characteristics of personality as the ability to effectively use life situations to achieve one’s own goals, to fight for success and get results from their actions, to strive for maximum involvement in the activities of interest for the reflected, conscious meaning in life.

It is shown that strength-training athletes and track and field athletes have endothelial dysfunction. The vascular endothelium activity is not related to the direction of physical exercises. At the same time, the dynamic physical exercise induces endothelium vasodilatation function in all groups. Apparently, it can be the adaptive response to regular high-intensity physical exercises. At the same time it is a risk factor for acute vascular disorders.

The aim is the assessment of structural and functional state of common carotid artery by ultrasound in patients with non-Hodgkin malignant lymphomas (NHML) before and after chemotherapy.

Materials and methods. The common carotid artery of 111 patients at different stages of NHML were examined via a “LOGIC 400” ultrasound.

Results. The common carotid artery of patients with NHML is undergoing morphological modification with changes in thickness and diameter, which corresponds to a hypertrophic type of remodeling. There is an increase in the thickness of the complex “intima-media” and Kernogan`s index with decreasing the common carotid artery diameter by comparison with the control group. Chemotherapy improves the parameters of the common carotid artery while reducing the thickness of the complex “intima-media” and Kernogan`s index at different stages of NHML.

Conclusion. Remodeling of the common carotid artery is associated with the developmental stage of NHML. Chemotherapy leads to an improvement of the morphological parameters of the common carotid artery, which evaluates the effect of the treatment.

Objective: revealing the role of morphophenotypic indices in the development of visceral obesity in patients with schizophrenia receiving quetiapine and risperidone therapy.

Materials and methods. 56 indoor patients with schizophrenia who received quetiapine (n = 23) or risperidone (n = 33) at medium doses were examined. Included persons were from 18 to 65 years old with at least a 1 year history of disease, the condition of which met the criteria of schizophrenia according to ICD-10. The Basis map of sociodemographic and clinical-dynamic signs for patients with schizophrenia was filled in, PANSS in the adapted Russian version – SCI-PANSS, noninvasive bioimpedancemetry, measurement of growth, transversethoracic, biacromial and bicrystal diameter, with calculation of body mass indexes, Tanner and Rees – Eysenk and definition of integral morphophenotypic indicators were carried out. Statistical processing was performed using Student’s t-test with a preliminary estimate of Pearson’s χ2 normal distribution, the Mann – Whitney U test to compare independent samples, the Spearman correlation analysis, the two-sided Fisher test.

Results. There were no significant differences in both subgroups in terms of bioimpedancemetry. The correlation between the level of visceral fat and the Rees – Eysenk index in patients receiving risperidone was a moderate inverse: the greater the value of the Rees – Eysenk index, the lower the level of visceral fat (r = –0.73381, t = –4.70833, p = 0.00015). The correlation between the Tanner index and the level of visceral fat in the quetiapine subgroup was strong: the larger the Tanner index, the higher the visceral fat level (r = 0.7763, t = 4.08481, p = 0.00181); in the risperidone subgroup, there was an average direct correlation (r = 0.48133, t = 2.39356, p = 0.02716).

Conclusion. The magnitude of the Rees – Eysenk index of schizophrenic patients can be considered among other factors in the management of risperidone in individuals with asthenic physique. The determination of the Tanner index at the beginning of treatment can play the role of a prognostic factor in the development of visceral obesity in patients with schizophrenia in the planned use as a basic therapy for quetiapine.

The purpose of the study is to study the urinative and antidepressant activities of liquid extracts based on flowers, shoots, leaves and fruits of Crataegus sanguinea Pall. to substantiate their use in the development and  manufacture of drugs for the complex treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Materials and methods. The comparative study of the diuretic and antidepressant activity of liquid extracts based on leaves, flowers, shoots and fruits Crataegus sanguinea was conducted. The liquid extracts were obtained on the basis of dried leaves, flowers, shoots and fruits of Crataegus sanguinea. All liquid extracts were obtained in the ratio “raw – extractant” 1 : 1, in all cases the extracting agent was ethyl alcohol 70%. The studies were conducted using outbred white rats of both sexes. All preparations were examined in a dose of 100 μl/kg. The diuretic activity of Crataegus sanguineaof liquid extracts in chronic experiments was determined, 4 h and 24 h portions of urine were collected. The antidepressant activity was tested using the “Desperation” test

Results. During the experiment, the diuretic activity of the liquid extract Crataegus sanguinea, as well as the antidepressant activity of liquid extracts of Crataegus sanguinea, shoots and fruits were revealed. Conclusion. Crataegus sanguinea preparations have complex nephrotropic and neurotropic action and can be recommended for use in the cardiovascular pathology treatment.

Objective: to study cognitive functions and level of proteins of acute brain damage in a group of patients receiving Cerebrolysin, and in a comparison group in the pre- and postoperative period of coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Materials and methods. The open-label randomized comparative controlled parallel study included 60 men. The average age in the group of patients receiving the therapy with Cerebrolysin was 61.5 (57÷66) years, and was – 61 (56÷65) years (р > 0.05) in the comparison group.

Results. Groups differed statistically significantly according to the left ventricular ejection fraction: 56 (48÷64) – in the group of comparison, 61 (59÷65) – in the group of patients receiving therapy with Cerebrolysin (p < 0.05). In the group of patients receiving Cerebrolysin, an increase in score according to MMSE (р < 0.01) was noted from 25 (24÷27) to 26.2 (24–28) points, and in the group without brain neuroprotection in the preoperative period a decrease in score according the Mini-Mental State Examination was revealed to be from 25.5 (25÷27) to 25 (23÷27) (р < 0.01). Clinical value of the level of protein S100ß as a biological indicator of postoperative cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery was ambiguous and required additional research.

Objective: to identify the structure and clinical features of affective disorders (AD) and efficiency of antidepressants in in-patients with chronic coronary artery disease (ChCAD), living in Tomsk and the Tomsk Region.

Materials and мethods. At a heart center, 1,131 patients with ChCAD were examined: in 290 persons (25.6%) AD were revealed, among them 72.1% were men (n = 209) and 27.9% were women (n = 81). Mean age of women was (63.5 ± 9.4) years and in men (57.9 ± 7.2) years (р = 0.004). AD structure, main syndromes, severity of depression and anxiety according to data of self-questionnaires and clinical scales before and after antidepressant therapy (predominantly with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)) were studied. Comparative analysis of clinical indices of CAD respective from AD, presence of antidepressant therapy and its efficiency was performed.

Results. Chronic AD were found in 45% of patients. Newly diagnosed depressive episodes made up 24.5% and recurrent depressive disorder (RDD) was 24%. 6.5% were bipolar affective disorders (BAD), predominantly bipolar II disorders. Depressive syndrome in 91.7% of patients had the second significant component (more frequently 54.8%). Characteristic of the clinical picture was dominance of complaints of bodily discomfort and pain, anergy and anhedonia. Moderate mental disturbances made up 49.0% (CGI). AD manifested at the age of 48 (40–55) years and preceded development of ChCAD. Natural course of AD was observed in 52.4% of cases. 47.6% (138/290) of patients received antidepressants, and only in 42% (58/138) clinically significant improvement was noted (more than 50% according to CGI). It was difficult to encourage patient adherence to long-term therapy (30–50% according to CGI). Physical activity tolerance (PAT) according to data of veloergometry increased in responders. Psychopharmaco- and psychotherapy should be included into rehabilitative programs for patients with ChCAD and AD.

Purpose. To perform immunohistochemical typing of cells obtained from calcinated biological heart valve prosthesis removed during reoperations.

Materials and methods. We investigated 19 models (“KemCor” and “PeriCor”) of biological heart valve prosthesis produced by NeoCor Company (Kemerovo, Russia) and removed from the mitral position due to the development of primary tissue inconsistency with calcification. The following markers were used for immunohistochemical cells typing in the analyzed samples: CD3 (T-lymphocytes), CD20 (B-lymphocytes), CD34 and VEGFR2 (endotheliocytes), CD68 (monocytes/macrophages), vimentin (fibroblasts), and α-smooth muscle actin (smooth myocytes).

Results. Uneven distribution and wide variety of intercellular interactions, as well as contacts with matrix components and mineral deposits, were observed. In case of endotheliocytes (CD34 and VEGFR2 positive cells) two types of localization were described. In the first variant, they formed a monolayer on the surface of biological prosthesis flaps; in the second variant, they were a part of capillary-like structures in the surface of the xenomaterial. CD68 positive cells were found both in a surface and in deep layers of the samples. Near such cells fragmentation and stratification of collagen fibers with the formation of fine-fibrous cellular networks were detected. Vimentin-positive cells (fibroblasts) were located in groups or singly in the sites of destruction of the connective tissue and took part in the formation of a new matrix. The density of α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells, morphologically identical to myocytes, was high in the surface of biological prosthesis flaps and low in the deeper layers. CD3 and CD20 positive cells related to T- and B-lymphocytes, respectively, were represented by the single cells in most of analyzed samples.

Aim. To study the ionic mechanisms which underlie regulation contractile activity of vascular smooth muscles and the erythrocytes membrane potential from spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Materials and methods. The effect of acetylcholine (ACX), 10 μM, and Ca2+ -ionophore A23187, 10 μM, on the contractile reactions of isolated smooth muscle segments of the aorta from 11-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar – Kyoto rats (WKY) induced by phenylephrine (PE), 1 μM, was measured by the mechanography. 11-week-old SHR were divided into control and experimental groups depending on the drug administration (amlodipine 10 mg/kg given intragastrically). Blood pressure (BP) in SHR was measured before and after treatment. The amplitude of the hyperpolarizating response (HO) and the activity of Ca2+-dependent K+-channels of the erythrocyte membrane of SHR were performed with potentiometric method.

Results. In response to the stimulating effect of the ACX or the calcium ionophore A23187, the smooth muscle segments of the aorta from the WKY and SHR precontracted with PE were relaxed. To the addition of the ACX, the vascular segments of the SHR responded with a stronger dilatation than the WKY segments, but not the action of the Ca2+-ionophore. Treatment of SHR with blocker of Ca2+-channels of L-type amlodipine caused a decrease the BP, and an increase in the relaxing effect of intact aortic segments on the ACX and Ca2+-ionophore. There was an increase the amplitude of HO and activity of Ca2+-dependent K+-channels of the erythrocyte membrane from SHR.

Conclusion. Relaxation of vascular smooth muscle in SHR is caused by changes in the endothelial function and Ca2+-dependent ionic conductivity of the myocyte membrane. An increase of the hyperpolarizating response of the erythrocyte membrane from rats with spontaneous hypertension is associated with activation of potassium channels. The selective effect on these intracellular targets can serve as a basis for the development of antihypertensive drugs.

The aim of the study is to assess the left ventricle (LV) untwist in healthy children and adolescents born fullterm.

Materials and methods. The analysis was carried out in 108 healthy children aged 2 months to 18 years, born full-term. LV untwist is assessed using Speckle Tracking Imaging at the basal and apical level.

Results. Four types of LV untwist were identified in children and adolescents. We did not find relation between LV untwist and age, nor with LV index spherical in systole and diastole, LV myocardial mass. The relationship between LV untwisting and LV rotation in systole at basal and apical segments was revealed.

Conclusion. The described features of LV loosening are apparently associated with processes of postnatal growth and maturation of heart tissues in children and adolescents.

Purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of complex treatment of essential hypertension based on the definition of risk of development, frequency and severity of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components before and after treatment in male patients of the therapeutic clinic.

Materials and methods. The study included 123 patients hospitalized with a main diagnosis of hypertension. In addition to the main examination, anthropometric, instrumental and hormonal-biochemical examination was additionally carried out. A point assessment of deviation degree and additional components of MS from reference was defined. In accordance with the received sum of points each patient was assigned a specific stratification category in relation to MS: lack of risk of development, existence of low, moderate or high risk of development and also light, medium or heavy severity of MS. Repeated examination was carried out in 14 days from initiation of treatment. The effectiveness of treatment was estimated as significant improvement, improvement, without change, deterioration, or significant deterioration depending on change of sum of points.

Results. Before the start of treatment, 22.8% of the examined patients had a moderate or high risk of developing MS, and 77.2% had MS of varying degrees of severity. After 14 days the number of patients with MS decreased by 14.6%, and the number of patients with risk of its development increased to 37.4%. In 14 days the number of patients with MS decreased by 14.6%, and the number of patients with risk of his development increased to 37.4%. Among all components of the MS, the greatest number of cases of improvement was noted for hypertension. Significant improvement from the carried-out therapy was revealed in 17.9%, improvement in 39.0%, lack of changes in 37.4% and deterioration in 5.7% of patients.

Conclusion. The employment of the method of Point assessment of degree of risk development and severity of MS, as a cluster of risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases, in patients with essential hypertension allowed the estimation of efficiency of the carried-out therapy and the individualization of a treatment regimen.

Aim: to evaluate the effectiveness of the cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) method with delayed contrast for the diagnosis of viable dysfunctional myocardium.

Materials and methods. А total of 148 patients participated in the analysis of the study. Inclusion criteria: myocardial infarction in past medical history; myocardial ischemia according to stress tests; occlusion or subtotal stenosis of one or more coronary arteries according to digital angiography (SYNTAX score < 32); viable myocardium in the zone of the occluded/stenotic artery; heart failure of I–III functional class (NYHA); left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of less than 50%. Patients were randomized into 2 equivalent groups: in group I, myocardial viability was determined by CMR with delayed contrast, in group II, by stress-echocardiography with dobutamine. All patients underwent stenting of the coronary arteries in the zone of the viable myocardium with drug-eluting stents. Long-term results of treatment were followed 18 months after endovascular intervention in all patients.

Results. CMR method with delayed contrasting allows to reliably estimate the existing violations of local contractility in the area of the hibernated myocardium. In patients from group I, it was possible to determine the mass fraction (volume) of the ischemic viable myocardium, which was not possible for patients from group II. Thus, the average indices of the volume of ischemic myocardium were (32.8 ± 2.4)%. All patients had a significant improvement in the local contractility of the myocardium after performed endovascular myocardial revascularization. After 18 months, a significant decrease in the mass fraction of ischemic viable myocardium in the peri-infarction zone was noted among patients from group I, compared with preoperative data ((32.8 ± 2.4) and (20.7 ± 3.1)%, respectively, p < 0.05). Thus, in group I the volume of ischemic myocardium decreased by 37%. In all studied groups, there was a significant increase in LVEF, compared with data obtained when the patient was discharged from the hospital. Survival in group I was 100%, whereas in group II it was 97.3% (p > 0.05). The incidence of non-fatal MI was 1.4 and 8.1% in groups I and II, respectively (p < 0.05).

Aim. To study the link of increased serum concentrations of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2), osteoporosis or osteopenia with the development of cardiovascular events (primarily, decompensation of CHF, including those requiring hospitalization, death from cardiovascular disease, acute coronary syndrome or acute ischemic stroke) to determine the possibility of using this biomarker as a predictor of a severe course of cardiovascular disease in these patients.

Materials and methods. In a 12-month cohort observational study included 75 patients (mean age 57.4 ± 5.4 years) with CHF associated with DM 2, osteoporosis or osteopenia. Cardiovascular events were analyzed in three groups of patients formed based terteling ranges of concentration of the OPG level in serum: in the 1st group (n = 25) included patients with serum OPG concentration is less than 5.0 pmol/l; in the 2nd group (n = 25) OPG level of 5.0–7.2 pmol/l; in the 3rd group (n = 25) - with the content of OPG more than 7.2 pmol/L. The serum OPG, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) serum levels were determined by ELISA. Assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) was performed by a densitometric method using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Results. Highly reliable increased expression of OPG in 2 and 3th tertiles was found in patients with CHF associated with type 2 diabetes in comparison with the control group. The frequency of adverse events gradually increased from the 1st tertile to the 3rd tertile OPG. With the median for OPG more than 5.2 pmol/L and BMD less than -2.5 standard deviations, the highest frequency (60.9%) of adverse cardiovascular events was identified. A close correlation of OPG with the values of pro-inflammatory cytokines-TNF-α (r = 0.46; p = 0.019) and IL-1β (r = 0.4; p = 0.01), glycated hemoglobin (r = 0.55; p = 0.009) and the severity of CHF (r = 0.49; p = 0.013).

Conclusions. Osteoprotegerin is an independent risk factor for the development of comorbid cardiovascular pathology: CHF associated with DM 2 and osteoporosis. It seems clinically justified to use OPG to stratify the risk of progression of cardiovascular pathology.

Aim. This research studies the effect of a low-temperature atmospheric plasma and the subsequent γ-ray sterilization on topography and properties of track membranes (TM) based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

Materials and methods. TM were obtained by irradiating a PET film with a 40Ar+8 ion beam and then by chemical etching in an aqueous solution of 1.5N NaOH. Modification of the membrane surface was carried out by exposure to an atmospheric low-temperature plasma. The gamma radiation of the radionuclide 60Со with the dosages of 1kGy (SI) and 10 kGy (SI) was used to sterilize the membranes. In vitro studies of the TM biocompatibility were performed by using a culture of prenatal stromal cells isolated from a lung of an 11-week human embryo and maintained ex vivo.

Results. It has been established that the treatment of the membranes with the low-temperature atmospheric plasma leads to an increase in the roughness and hydrophilization of the TM surface. The change in the physical-chemical state of the TM surface as a result of the exposure of cold plasma and subsequent sterilization had practically no effect on the morphofunctional state of the culture of human prenatal stromal cells. In vitro tests on the TM cellular-molecular biocompability with a short-term culture of in vitro fibroblast-like cells have made it possible to indicate their relative bioinerticity with respect to human stromal cells. The conclusion is made about the relative bioinerticity of TM and the proposed regimes for their sterilization with respect to the culture of human stromal cells, the prospects for further research in applying the material to the areas of surgical practice (cardiology, ophthalmology).

The study describes the synthesis and hypotensive effects of stable platelet activation factor (PAF) precursor 1-hexadecyl-2-m ethylcarbamoyl-phosphatidic acid (HMCP) оn outbred Wistar rats with 1-kidney 1-clip (1K1C) renovascular hypertension. Intravenous injection of 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 5 mg/kg HMCP resulted in a sharp decline of up to 50% of MAP with subsequent restoration to initial level. In some hypertensive 1K1C rats HMCP has a prolonged effect with blood pressure stabilized at 75% of initial level after 30 min post injection. HMCP was toxic at higher doses with a LD50 around 3 mg/kg.

Purpose. To evaluate the changes of myocardial perfusion using 99mТс-MIBI single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) after the intramyocardial implantation of erythropoietin preconditioned autologous bone marrow cells (ABMC) in laser channels during coronary artery disease (CAD) surgery.

Materials and methods. Randomized study of 40 patients (mean age 58.0 ± 6.9, 9 females) with diffuse and (or) distal right coronary artery disease (RCA). Patients of the study group (n = 23) underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) of the left coronary artery (LCA) system and intramyocardial implantation of erythropoietin preconditioned ABMC in the left ventricular (LV) inferior wall. Patients of the control group (n = 17) underwent CABG of the LCA system only. 99mТс-MIBI SPECT performed 1–2 days before and 12 months after surgery.

Results. In study group after 12-month follow-up the summed stress score in a typical RCA supply area (SSSRCA) improved from 7.0 [5.5; 10.5] to 4.0 [1.0; 5.5] (p <0.01), summed rest score (SRSRCA) improved from 3.0 [0.0; 7.0] to 1.0 [0.0; 3.5] (p <0.01), and summed different score (SDSRCA) improved from 3.0 [1.0; 4.0] to 1.0 [0.0; 2.0] (p = 0.03). Control group patients after 12-month follow-up showed significant improvement of SSS RCA only – from 8.0 [6.0; 12.0] to 5.0 [4.0; 7.0] (p <0.01).

Conclusion. After 12-month follow-up in patients with diffuse and (or) distal RCA disease, the procedure of intramyocardial implantation of the erythropoietin preconditioned ABMC in laser channels is demonstrated to be safe and induces the improvement of myocardial perfusion.

Redox proteins (thioredoxin, glutaredoxin) are key macromolecules capable of modulating intracellular processes. This determines research choices in the field of redox-dependent cell proliferation management. The study of the molecular mechanisms of the onset, development and progression of malignant neoplasms underlies the search for tumor-associated markers and potential targets for personalized antitumor therapy.

Purpose. To establish the role of the “thioredoxin – thioredoxin-reductase” system in the impaired proliferation of mammary adenocarcinoma cells under the action of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase roskovitin blocker.

Materials and methods. The study was carried out using the culture of mammary adenocarcinoma cells of the MCF-7 line incubated in the presence and absence of roskovitin at a final concentration of 20 μM for 18 h. The intracellular content of thioredoxin and protein regulators of proliferation (cyclin E and cyclin-dependent protein kinase 2) were determined by Western blotting technique, the expression level of thioredoxin mRNA was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and the activity of thioredoxin-reductase was measured by a spectrophotometric method.

Results. It was established that the decrease in proliferative activity of MCF-7 tumor cells incubated in the presence of roskovitin was accompanied by a decrease in the content of cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase on the background of a decrease in the expression level of thioredoxin mRNA and an increase in the activity of thioredoxin-reductase.

Conclusion. The involvement of the components of the thioredoxin system (thioredoxin, thioredoxinreductase) in disrupting the proliferation of MCF-7 tumor cells was detected under the action of the cyclindependent protein kinases of roskovitin.

Metabolic syndrome is a common pathological condition based on an increase of the mass of visceral fat, insulin resistance with hyperinsulinemia, carbohydrate, lipid and protein disorders. The natural course of the metabolic syndrome can be affected by the presence of intercurrent diseases connected with metabolic disorder, and helminthic infections are among them. This review presents an analysis of the results of current epidemiological and experimental studies of metabolic syndrome and abnormalities of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism associated with helminth infections.

This review generalizes the current evidence on the content of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients’ blood serum with atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary, carotid and iliac arteries. The results gave the ability to assess cytokine immune cells of atherosclerotic plaques. Also the results of national and international research allowed the assessment of the prognostic value of cytokine content.

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) continues to be a relevant and significant problem in modern medicine. Modern trends in medicine are associated with the widespread introduction of personalized, preventive strategies aimed at correcting risk factors for pathology, identifying predispositions to it and conducting prevention before the development of clinical symptoms. Nowadays, a huge number of studies of the molecular genetic basis of SCD are conducted. Studies of case-control design using routine methods of molecular genetic research continue to be popular. Research using modern, highly effective methods (sequencing of the next generation (NGS), full-genome associative studies (GWAS)) have become more frequent. The molecular genetic markers of SCD found in such studies can be used effectively to diagnose a predisposition to SCD and prevent its development in persons with known and unknown cardiac pathology.

The review provides the data on current approaches on the use of stress tests to determine the programs, rehabilitation terms and the prognosis in patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The experience of foreign and Russian clinics shows the necessity and relevance of stress testing in this category of patients. However, currently there are no clear recommendations on the terms and methods of stress testing in patients who underwent CABG. The widespread introduction of stress testing in general and spiroveloergometry in particular into practical medicine will allow for the production of personalized training programs and for the evaluatation of the patient’s prognosis, rehabilitation and labour potential.

 In the literature review, modern views on the features of pathogenesis and diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension associated with portal hypertension and sarcoidosis of respiratory organs are presented. A variety of views is due to the lack of a convincing evidence base underlying the algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. Pulmonary hypertension is one of the most complex cardiological problems and represents a pathological condition that is based on increasing resistance to blood flow in a small circle of blood circulation at any of site. Unlike the systemic arteries, there is no direct access to the pulmonary artery for measuring blood pressure by non-invasive methods, so the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension in the early stages, before the formation of a lesion in the target organ, which is the right ventricle of the heart, is practically impossible. In actual clinical practice, pulmonary hypertension is at best diagnosed at the stage of latent right ventricular dysfunction, which is manifested by dilatation of its cavity and / or hypertrophy of its walls, at worst at the stage of right ventricular heart failure. At present, there has been a trend towards an improvement in the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension (LH) in various diseases. This is the reason for the special interest in this interdisciplinary problem.

It was established that in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), including CHF with reduced ejection fraction, as well as acute decompensated CHF, the level of serum inflammatory markers was increased. Moreover, experimental studies have shown repeatedly that activation of mechanisms of immune response in the myocardium provokes left ventricular remodeling and progression of left ventricular dysfunction. Nonetheless, clinical studies of anti-inflammatory drugs, including those aimed at blockage of cytokines have been neutral or negative with respect to the primary end points of the trials, and in some patients, resulted in worsening CHF or death. This review discusses variants of the types of inflammation in the myocardium, their immune mediators involved in the pathogenesis of CHF and its progression. Mechanisms of the pathogenesis of inflammatory cardiomyopathy leading to HF are discussed. A more precise conclusion about inflammatory phenotype in myocardial tissue, which will identify therapeutic targets in the treatment of CHF is necessary. Additionally, the review presents modern data about tactics for managing patients with acute decompensation of CHF with systolic dysfunction, which includes optimal medication, invasive and device therapy.

Visceral adipose tissue is an important predictor of cardiovascular diseases, which carry more risk than total fat accumulation. Epicardial fat, a special form of visceral fat deposited around the heart, is considered an important predictor of the risk of cardiovascular disease, taking into account the production and release of adipocytokines. Recently, the number of experimental and clinical data proving the physiological and metabolic significance of epicardial fat is increasing. The thickness and volume of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) have a strong correlation with obesity, impaired fasting glucose, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis. Moreover, it is now clear that the connection between EAT and the heart is regulated by complex two directional pathways, since not only adipokines regulate cardiac function, but the heart affects EAT via paracrine signaling. Further study of the molecular mechanisms regulating the interaction between the heart and EAT will improve our understanding of the role of the latter in cardiac physiology and the development of disease mechanisms.

Taking into account the increase in the level of cardiovascular diseases in recent decades, the clinician faces the task of attempting to make the fastest possible diagnosis of the pathology at its earliest stages. That is why the aim of our work was to identify the main groups of biological markers, and to separate the role of each of them in the assessment of the risk of development, progression and possible complications of cardiovascular diseases. We have given the main working classification of markers of cardiovascular processes with the allocation of their main types, as well as the basic criteria for the “ideal” biological marker. Finally, an attempt was made to structure biomarkers depending on their molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis in the development of a particular pathology. All these data should help the clinician at the stage of early diagnosis of cardiovascular disease.

The article presents the first clinical case of the implantation of a composite frame xenopericardial bioprosthesis “MedEng-Bio” in the mitral position. The special design of the prosthesis implantation procedure simplifies and reduces the risks associated with possible repeated operations.

This publication presents a clinical case of infectious endocarditis in an adult male aged 60, with manifestation of the disease in the form of spondilodiscitis. The presented observation demonstrates the development of onset of infectious endocarditis of bacterial spondylodiscitis in the adult patient. For a long time the patient’s intensive pain in the lumbar region could not be connected with infective endocarditis. According to the results of the examination the changes in the spine were not evaluated as an onset of IE. Dynamic observation and control MRT study allowed for the conclusion about bacterial spondilodiscitis in our patient with IE and to connect these two processes. In such clinical cases, MRT of the spine or positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography using a radiopharmaceutical 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG- PET / CT) of the whole body is recommended. In the case of a specific spondilodiscitis, the continuation of antibacterial therapy is determined by signs of inflammatory activity on F-FDG-PET / CT or MRT of the spine.