The aim of this research was to assess a role of connexin 43 (Cx43) and associated molecule CD38 in the regulation of cell-cell interactions in the neurovascular unit (NVU) in vitro in physiological conditions and in hypoxia.

Materials and methods. The study was done using the original neurovascular unit model in vitro. The NVU consisted of three cell types: neurons, astrocytes, and cerebral endothelial cells derived from rats. Hypoxia was induced by incubating cells with sodium iodoacetate for 30 min at37 °C in standard culture conditions.

Results. We investigated the role of connexin 43 in the regulation of cell interactions within the NVU in normal and hypoxic injury in vitro. We found that astrocytes were characterized by high levels of expression of Cx43 and low level of CD38 expression, neurons demonstrated high levels of CD38 and low levels of Cx43. In hypoxic conditions, the expression of Cx43 and CD38 in astrocytes markedly increased while CD38 expression in neurons decreased, however no changes were found in endothelial cells. Suppression of Cx43 activity resulted in down-regulation of CD38 in NVU cells, both in physiological conditions and at chemical hypoxia.

Conclusion. Thus, the Cx-regulated intercellular NAD+-dependent communication and secretory phenotype of astroglial cells that are the part of the blood-brain barrier is markedly changed in hypoxia.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical condition and to study the chemiluminescent activity of granulocytes of patients with widespread purulent peritonitis in the dynamics of post-operative treatment. The severity of the patients was determined by the SAPS scale, the presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome was assessed by the criteria of the ACCP/SCCM. Severity and prognosis of the disease was evaluated using the Mannheim peritonitis index and the index of abdominal cavity. The severity of multiple organ failure at admission to the hospital and in postoperative period dynamics were determined by the scale of the SOFA. The study of lucigenin- and luminal-dependent chemiluminescence of neutrophils in peritonitis were taken on admission to the hospital, and on the 7th, 14th and 24th day of the postoperative period. There were a variety of systemic complications (tertiary peritonitis, perforation of hollow organs, abscesses of the abdominal cavity and other) in patients with widespread purulent peritonitis 2nd severity in 96,2% of cases. The mortality rate among patients amounted to 22.2%. It was found in the study of neutrophils chemiluminescent activity that intensity of the “respiratory burst” in pre- and postoperative periods in patients with peritonitis is defined mainly by the synthesis level of secondary reactive oxygen species. The level of synthesis of superoxide radicals by neutrophils in a state of relative dormancy, increased by 14 days after the operation and is reduced to the reference level to the 21st day. In the preoperative period and before the end of the observation level of synthesis of secondary reactive oxygen species by neutrophils of patients with peritonitis was increased, but is on the background of the slow activation of enzymes, providing a “respiratory burst”. Trend towards normalization of neutrophils chemiluminescent activity in the blood of patients with peritonitis by the end of the observation period (24th day of the postoperative period).

This article focuses on issues related to the identification and investigation of the lymph node metastases with bilateral breast cancer. The presence of metastases in the lymph nodes determines the stage of the disease, and introducing a form of tumor progression, characterizes the course and prognosis for the future in a specific patient. Thus, the identification of possible morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the tumor tissue and their comparison with the frequency and severity of regional lymph nodes would help to solve the problem of the identification of prognostic factors and markers associated with the risk of nodal metastasis in bilateral breast cancer. This work is relevant due to the fact that the literature on this issue to date are treated ambiguously, and answers to many questions, unfortunately, no.

The authors performed a morphological study of the tumor tissue from 600 patients suffering from unilateral and bilateral breast cancer. To avoid false results were studied only cases corresponding to the histological type of invasive carcinoma of non-specific type. The study found that a greater number and a greater percentage of the affected lymph node metastases were observed in patients with bilaterally synchronous tumors. The patients of this group of metastatic lymph nodes was detected more frequently in the presence of infiltrative component of three or more types of structures with the presence of these discrete groups of tumor cells, and the observed maximum degree of inflammatory infiltration of the tumor stroma. In the group of patients with unilateral breast cancer nodal metastasis often detects when triple negative molecular genetic type of the lesion, with large amounts of tumor site, in the presence of infiltrative component of three or more types of structures with the obligatory presence of these microalveolar structures and discretely spaced groups of tumor cells and the highest severity of hyalinosis of the stroma.

The observed features of nodal metastasis associated with the morphological characteristics of the tumor tissue, may act as prognostic markers in determining the risk of lymph node metastases in women with bilateral breast cancer, which would have a significant aid in determining the prognosis of an individual patient, and, therefore, mean individual approach to the tactics of treatment of such patients.

This study has assessed the functional parameters of the cardiovascular system by echocardiography in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in combination with anxiety and depressive disorders (ADD). Were examined 152 patients in the first 24 hours after the onset of ACS. All patients in the first 48 hours after hospitalization was performed transthoracic echocardiography (EchoCG) on the apparatus Vivid E9 (General Electric, USA). These echocardiographic indices were analyzed: stroke volume (SV) of left ventricular (LV), minute volume of heart (MVH), ejection fraction (EF), determined by the method Teicholz, end-systolic volume (ESV), end-diastolic volume (EDV), thickness of interventricular septum in diastole (TISD), thickness of posterior wall the LV in diastole (TPWLD), anteroposterior size of the left atrium (LA). Local contractility of LV assessed by the presence of hypo- or akinesia and dyskinesia zones. Diastolic function of LV was assessed by transmitral blood Dopplerograms, noted the presence of valvular cardiac pathology. In the first 72 hours after being transferred from emergency rooms all patients were tested of test of Spielberg–Hanin, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Beck questionnaire and depression scale epidemiological studies Center USA for determine the presence or not ADD.

A result of study patients with ACS in conjunction with ADD have significant excess volume indices of LV in comparison with patients without ADD, in addition, this group have an increase in the size of the LA, MVH and left ventricular has hypertrophy in terms TISD comparison with the group. According to data EchoCG in patients with ACS and ADD very often visualized local contractility disturbances LV, zone of dyskinesia and defeat sclerotic of the aortic and mitral valves and diastolic dysfunction of LV in the type “slow relaxation” in comparison with patients with ACS without ADD.

In patients with ACS concomitant ADD has a negative effect on the functional parameters of the cardiovascular system, which may be one of the reasons for unfavorable prognosis in these patients.

Unique physicochemical properties of nanomaterials arouse a great interest of specialists of various fields. Materials based on nanostructures purchase new mechanical, optical, and electrical properties. Great practical importance is the magnetic properties of materials, structural elements which lie at the nanoscale. Nanomaterials with magnetic properties have been used in drug delivery, magnetic hyperthermia, magnetic separation, and magnetic resonance imaging. Magnetic properties of nanoparticles depend on many factors, such as particle size and shape, chemical properties and lattice type. Magnetic characteristics can be changed by the interaction of particles with the surrounding matrix and neighboring particles.

Unfortunately, many studies show that a great disadvantage of the unmodified nanoparticles is their non-specific interaction with the cells, which leads to their accumulation outside the target organs, also to­xicity of nanomaterials and their low colloidal stability. Surface modification of nanoparticles can solve this problem. Development of nanostructures based on magnetic nanoparticles and functionalized by biocompatible agents is one of the main targets of nanobiotechnology.

The objective of the research is a review of some characteristics of dental implants’ products and an analysis of prospects of using them in modern medicine.

Dental implantation as a high-technology method of restoring the natural anatomical structure has no competitors at present. The advantages of dental implants consist in their high operational dependability, a longer life time, a higher functionality and a lesser rate of complications as compared to the use of complete or bridge prostheses.

The materials used in dental implantation for this purpose are rather diverse. Doctors using them rely on extensive clinical experience, a developed industry of accessory materials, instruments, that is everything that ensures comfortable work and conveniences for the patient.

At the same time, the data mentioned in the article testify to the effect that ceramic implants as compared to titanium alloy implants have comparable or better indices. This is guaranteed, for example, by the requirements of the new international standard ISO6474-2:2012: first-rate strength and wear resistance; thermal stability and corrosion resistance; ceramics’ four point bending strength over 750 MPa.

The result of the conducted analysis is a review of using various materials in dental implantation. The author compares the aesthetic indices and durability of titanium or metal alloy implants to those of ceramic ones. The comparison shows that, under the current level of ceramic materials’ structural property, it is actual for dentistry to develop its own methodological approaches in relation to a wide use of ceramic implants and creation of various ceramic mono-implants with the purpose of improving the results of treatment of patients, suffering from secondary partial or complete adentia accompanied by bone tissue deficiency, by applying the methods of dental implantation.

Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) is one of the most effective methods of surgical treatment of ischemic heart disease (IHD). However, even improvement of life quality is evident in patients underwent CABG, some neuropsychological, cognitive alterations may appear. Therefore, the problem of neurological complications in cardiac surgery is still of current interest. Prevalence of cognitive dysfunction after CABG varies from 12 to 79%. One third of the patients have alterations of cognitive functions for 1 year and more after the operation. In this review, we will discuss the current understandings on etiology, pathogenesis and prevalence of cognitive dysfunction in patients with IHD after CABG. The following factors determine development of long-lasting cognitive deficiency: lower educational level, advanced age, significant alterations of cognitive functions in preoperative period. At present, age, comorbid pathology (arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, vascular diseases, lung diseases), heart fai­lure, alcohol and drug abuse, preoperative cognitive dysfunction are considered as major risk factors for CABG-induced neurological complications. Importance of timely diagnostics and early beginning of treatment of cognitive dysfunction will be discussed.

The authors of the review have analyzed papers published on the problem of ischemic myocardial dysfunction. They begin with a definition of the term “ischemia” (derived from two Greek words: ischō, meaning to hold back, and haima, meaning blood) - a condition at which the arterial blood flow is insufficient to provide enough oxygen to prevent intracellular respiration from shifting from the aerobic to the anaerobic form. The poor rate of ATP generation from this process causes a decrease in cellular ATP, a concomitant rise in ADP, and ultimately, to depression inotropic (systolic) and lusitropic (diastolic) function of the affected segments of the myocardium. But with such simplicity of basic concepts, the consequences of ischemia so diverse. Influence of an ischemia on myocardial function so unequally at different patients, which is almost impossible to find two identical cases (as in the case of fingerprints). It depends on the infinite variety of lesions of coronary arteries, reperfusion (time and completeness of restoration of blood flow) and reactions of a myocardium which, apparently, has considerable flexibility in its response. Ischemic myocardial dysfunction includes a number of discrete states, such as acute left ventricular failure in angina, acute myocardial infarction, ischemic cardiomyopathy, stunning, hibernation, pre- and postconditioning. There are widely differing underlying pathophysiologic states. The possibility exists that several of these states can coexist.

The article describes main aspects of development of the neuroimmunophysiology as a science and results of recent researches about interaction between nervous and immune systems on the example of acute cerebrovascular event. Particularities of post-stroke neuroimmunal dysfunction, main mechanisms of its realization and regulation, biological meaning were observed.

Irrespective of differences in mechanism of action, hypolipidemic drugs develop their effects according to a single algorithm. They normalize receptor-mediated uptake of polyenic fatty acids (PFA) by cells, thus restoring their functional, regulatory and structural state. Atherosclerosis is an in vivo pathology of each individual cell that cannot actively internalize PFA. Atherosclerosis is a syndrome of intracellular deficiency of ω-3 and ω-6 PFA. Compensatory production of humoral mediators (eicosanoids) from endogenous ω-9 С20:3 digomo-ү-linolenic unsaturated fatty acids (FA) renders them aphysiological and capable of impairing all functional processes in vivo, which results in a multilevel clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis and development of atheromatosis. Although atherosclerosis and atheromatosis are related to each other, they are different processes. Neither statins, nor other hypolipidemic drugs have any pleiotropic activity. They normalize cellular uptake of PFA which produce their intrinsic pleiotropic effects. As peroxisomal prolilferators, ω-3 eicosanoids oxidize excessive exogenous palmitic acid. Hypolipidemic effect of insulin is realized in conversion of entire palmitic FA synthesized in vivo from glucose into oleic FA. Hypolipidemic drugs are not the means of primary prevention of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. This prevention should be based on normalization of the biological function of trophology and biological reaction of exotrophy and correction of quality and quantity of food according to real, quite limited functional possibilities ofHomo sapiens. The biological function of intellect plays an important role in primary prevention of hyperlipidemias and atherosclerosis.

The purpose of this study is to introduce a new educational method for gynecologists to master the technique of laparoscopic surgery in case of ectopic pregnancy. This method involves using a computer Simulation Platform “Lap mentor” (Simbionix, USA).

Thirty gynecologists, who had no experience of independent performance of laparoscopic gynecological surgery, were randomized into 2 groups of 15 people. Laparoscopic technique in both groups was mastered by performing operations in different clinical variants of ectopic pregnancy on a computer simulator. But doctors from the second group, according to the proposed learning method, also performed additional exercises aimed at developing specific laparoscopic skills (work with the camera, control of one or two instruments, separation of tissue using scissors and endosurgical monopolar electrodes).

Comparison of groups at the final tests showed that gynecologists whose training included exercises to develop skills in laparoscopy showed significantly greater success in the performance of control tasks. All surgical techniques doctors performed faster and it took themless time to perform the operation than for their counter parts in the comparison group. Along with this movements of gynecologists from the second group were more precise and accurate, accompanied by a smaller number of vascular and organs injures than in the comparison group.

Thus, application of the proposed method of mastering the laparoscopic skills in gynecology, including the performance of special training exercises with virtual operations, can significantly improve the surgical technique of specialists and their professional competence. Skills, obtained using this educational method, are of higher quality compared with the experience gained by simply repeating the operation on a computer simulator.

The history and development of the Department of Physiology of Tomsk State University (now the Department of Normal Physiology, Siberian State Medical University) and the main results and continuity of physiological functions of the digestive system doctrine has been presented.

Aim. The effects of the powder of Curcuma longa plant rhizome as food additive on different processes of carbohydrate metabolism: glucose concentration in whole blood, concentration of hormones – insulin and C-peptide in plasma, content of glycogen in the liver, structural and functional organization of the islet apparatus of the pancreas in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus were studied.

Material and methods. The study was conducted on Wistar adult male rats. All animals were divided into 4 groups: 1 and 2 – the controls, 3 and 4 – the rats with alloxan-induced model of diabetes mellitus. Animals of groups 1 and 3 were kept on standard chow, whereas the rats of groups 2 and 4 were feeded with additive of powder from Curcuma longa plant rhizome (2% by weight of feed).

The concentration of glucose in blood and perfused solution was determined with picric acid method by intensity of colour reaction on spectrofotometer. Concentration of hormones (insulin, C-peptide) was defined by immunoenzyme method with standard sets on tablet spectrofotometer. The morphological structure of a pancreas was studied by a method of light microscopy. Content of glycogen in a liver was measured by means of Shick-reaction on the Mac-Manus method with measurement of colour intensity on spectrofotometer.

Results. Intake of the turmeric rhizomes powder by rats with diabetes, as compared with the diabetic animals on a standard diet, resulted in the lower increase of the glucose concentration in blood, the decrease of glucose absorption in the gut, higher concentration of the insulin and C-peptide in plasma and significant increase of glycogen content in the liver. The microstructure of pancreatic tissue samples of experimental animals using turmeric intake, was characterized by the better preservation of the islet apparatus in comparison with a group of animals on a standard diet.

Conclusion. The results indicate the positive effect of the Curcuma longa rhizomes on the homeostatic mechanisms of the carbohydrate metabolism regulation in the alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus rats.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of influence of single and prolonged exposure of audio-visual stimulation (AVS) on heart rate variability and the mechanisms of the autonomic regulation in athletes, involved in cyclic sports activity.

Material and methods. In this study 60 athletes aging of 17–23 years old, specializing in middle-distance running, were involved. The running volume in the zones of varying intensity was from 185 to 225 km/month. The experiment was conducted in January – March 2014, at the Scientific Educational Center “Physiology of ontogenesis” at the Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Life Safety of NSPU.

Training course of audiovisual stimulation (AVS) consisted of 20–22 sessions, which were conducted in a day with using a portable audiovisual stimulator “NOVO PRO” (USA). ECG registration signal was performed using hardware and software complex VNS-Micro (Neurosoft, Ivanovo, Russia) in standard electrocardiogram lead II. Athletes who received AVS course in the morning, before sports training loads, have received training with activating program, and after exercise – by using a relaxed program.

Results. In athletes after 20–22 sessions of AVS the decreased influence of the sympathetic regulation and contribution of central levels of management in the regulation of heart rate were found. A decrease of intensity of regulatory system was observed.

Increased influence of the parasympathetic regulation and strengthening of autonomous regulation contour was found. AVS contributed to increasing influence of respiratory waves on the heart rhythm and a more economical functional activity. AVS single exposure caused a significant increase in the functioning of autonomous regulation contour, the growing influence of parasympathetic effects and higher contribution of respiratory waves in the formation of heart rate by using activating as well relaxing programs. However, a more pronounced effect was observed after application of relaxing program.

Conclusion. Application of AVS contributed to increase activity of the parasympathetic nervous system, the growing influence of autonomous regulation contour, the increase influence of respiratory waves on the heart rhythm and a more economical its work at rest and during an orthostatic test. AVS training may be recommended by sports training for maintaining top competition form, faster recovery and improve the functional state of regulation mechanisms.

The present study pursued to investigate the role of phase interactions between EEG rhythms in the process of the perception of time. The purpose of the study was to analyse the dependence of these interactions on the type and stage of the activity being performed, as well as on the individual characteristics of a human. For this purpose, 27 boys and 29 girls, all university students, were asked to reproduce and measure short intervals of time (200 and 800 ms), during which their EEG was recorded in frontal, central, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, according to the system 10–20%. While studying phase interactions between EEG rhythms, we used wavelet bispectral analysis and calculated the bicoherence function. As it follows from the conducted research, most often close phase interactions are observed between the gamma-rhythm and other rhythms of EEG or between different frequencies of the gamma-rhythm. It was established that the phase interactions under study were influenced by the factors of “sex”, “activity type”, and “activity stage”. The study showed correlations of phase interactions with the levels of intellect, extraversion, neuroticism, with the particularities of the lateral organisation of brain, and the accuracy of time perception.

The purpose of the students (12 to 15 years old) examination was to identify the integrative criteria of assessing the nature of the functional relationships between the parameters of the psychosocial and physiological adaptation of students, depending on age, individual-typological peculiarities of vegetative regulation, personal potential at different stages of school education.

The study of the characteristics of vegetative regulation of the cardiovascular system was made with a help of an automatic cardiac-rhythm programs. The research of psychophysiological parameters was fulfiled using an automatic complex. The measurement of the speed of simple visual-motor reaction (PSMR), reaction to a moving object (WFD), the level of functional mobility of nervous processes (WFP) and health brain (DDM) were made before. Features psychosocial adaptation was analyzed using 8-color Luscher test.

All examinee were divided into three groups on the basis of the statistical characteristics of the cardiac rhythm by the tone source autonomic tone: “vagotonia” (with a predominance of parasympathetic sistems), “somatotonic” (with domination of the sympatholytic effects), “atonic” (balanced type of vegetative nervous system).

Based on the analysis of psychodynamic, neurodynamic and vegetative functions showed that students with initial vagotonies tone are characterized by high levels of situational and personal anxiety, low psychosocial adaptation, decreased activity of neurodynamic functions and psychodynamic processes in the learning dynamics, whereas the individuals with dominance of sympatotonics type regulation have high level of neurodynamic processes, psychosocial adaptation, against the background of significant stress mechanisms of vegetative regulation.

Students with initial vegetative tone demonstrate a sufficient level of psychosocial adaptation, activity psychodynamic and neuromotor processes, accompanied by the preservation of the functionality of the body according to the parameters myocardial-hemodynamic homeostasis.

It is established that the formation process of psychosocial and physiological adaptation and disadaptation of students is largely determined by the type of vegetative (autonomic) tone, degree of stress, behaviour strategies in stressful situations.

The aim of the study was to determine the mechanism of the hemostasis system response to the stressors of various nature at successively increasing duration of exposure to stress. Physical exertion, hypothermia and hyperthermia were simulated as stress influences. Wistar type of rats was used as the object of the research. The data of vascular-thrombocyte and coagulative hemostasis as well as anticoagulative and fibrinolytic system activity were investigated. One-type reaction independent of irritant nature was observed during the investigation. As a responce to a single short-term exposure to an irritant the combined activation of aggregative platelet function, contact phase of blood coagulation as well as anticoagulative and fibrinolytic system is registered. As the exposure was prolonged successive involment of all the hemostasis system components into reciprocal response was registered in the bloodstream of the experimental animals. By the end of a single peak term exposure the totality of hemostasis features characteristic of the initial stage of DIC-syndrome was markedly registeredin experimental animals.

When considering physical exertion it can be concluded that latent thrombin genesis firstly appeared after four hours of exposure increased dramatically by the end of eight hours stress. Similar picture of progressing thrombinemia is observed when analyzing the effect of hypothermia on hemostasis. Thus firstly registered after 30 minutes of hypothermia exposure the markers of thrombin genesis were eliminated from the blood stream in the process of thrombi formation by the end of the experimental exposure. Furthermore the rheological properties of blood in experimental animals were impaired as a result of a marked decrease of blood plasma fibrinolytic activity. When analyzing the effect of hyperthermia on hemostasis the manifested thrombinemia (at thermal exposure for 20 minutes) was shown to change to the picture characteristic of developed DIC-syndrome after 30 minutes of hypothermal exposure.

Thus, on the basis of the results obtained during the experiments and described in this article, it can be assumed that the stress factors with prolonged exposure causing successively increasing signs of distress on the part of the hemostatic system. At increased exposure the signs of distress of the hemostasis system are successively increasing. It is manifested in the appearance and then augmenting of thrombinemia signs on the background of oppression of blood plasma fibrinolytic activity and reducing the anticoagulants concentration. It is necessary to consider the obtained results in situations accompanied by stress influence. Hemostasis picture demonstrates the impairment of the rheological properties of blood up to the development of DIC-syndrome at increased duration of exposure to stress.

Influence of gasotransmitters carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on the electrical and contractile activities of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the guinea pig ureter and rat aorta were studied by methods of double sucrose bridge and mechanography. It has been shown that CO causes a dose-dependent decrease of the contractile response of SMCs of the ureter and rat aorta and also reduces the amplitude and duration of the action potential plateau. Against the background of the action of biologically active substances, agonists α1-adrenergetic and H1-histaminergetic receptors (phenylephrine and histamine, respectively), these effects of CO donor (CORM II) were amplified. The inhibitory effect of CO on the parameters of the contractile and electrical activities of smooth muscles is attenuated by blocking potassium channels of plasma membrane with tetraethylammonium (TEA) or inhibition of soluble guanylate cyclase (ODQ [1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-l-one]). Thus, the effects of carbon monoxide on the electrical and contractile activities of SMCs are associated with an increase potassium conductivity of the membrane or the activation of soluble guanylate cyclase.

In experiments with a donor of hydrogen sulfide (NaHS), it was shown, that it has an activating effect on the electrical and contractile activities of smooth muscles of the guinea pig ureter, which is caused by the action of potassium conductivity of the membrane. Activating effect of H2S on the contractile properties of SMCs of the guinea pig ureter decreased by blocking ATP-dependent channels with glibenclamide. Analysis of the effect of H2S on sodium and calcium conductance of the membrane smooth muscles of the ureter using modified sodium-free and TEA- containing Krebs solution showed that the contribution of potassium conductance is mainly sold at high concentrations (100 and 1000 μmol) donor NaHS. Probably, that the impact of low concentrations of NaHS (10 μmol) on the amplitude of contractions SMCs of the ureter and performed through the activation of the calcium component of the action potential. It was shown, that activating effect of NaHS determined by involving sodium-dependent ion transporters to cAMP-dependent inhibition of potassium conductance membranes of smooth muscles.

An analysis of adaptive chemoreflectory mechanisms responding of extreme factors opens prospects for understanding of a role of a phenotype in this process, and also for search of new methods of the forecast and diagnostics. We analysed individual-typological variability of hypoxic tolerance and muscular working capacity at healthy people with various kinds of habitual sports activity. It is established, that formatting of new neuro-visceral interactions which occurs under the influence of individual training process, is reflected in reactivity of cardiovascular and respiratory systems in response to hypoxia. Adaptive strategy produces changes in systemic response to hypoxia which correlates with aerobic work capacity and EEG activity of a brain at sportsmen of different specializations. Individually-typological characteristics of sportsmen (typology of nervous system) also mediate EEG response to hypoxia, but they can be modified by the influence of phenotypic adaptive mechanisms (aerobic, anaerobic or mixed type of individual training process). The obtained results testify, that sports loadings forms specific adjustment of mechanisms of chemoreflectory regulation of cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is endogenously synthesized gasotransmitter that has a regulatory effect in cardiovascular system. Diabetes mellitus leads to an increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, so the purpose of the study was to analyze the contractility of the atria mice after application of L-cysteine and H₂S. Contractile activity of the myocardium was investigated in the experiment on isolated mouse atria. Alloxan was used for modeling diabetes. Intraperitoneal injection of alloxan resulted in a significant increase of glucose concentration in blood, whereas the concentration of glucose didn’t change at the injection of physiological solution. In control, the addition of NaHS resulted in a significant dose-dependent decrease of the amplitude of contraction of the myocardium, whereas the negative inotropic effect of NaHS was significantly lower in terms of modeling diabetes compare to control conditions. In the control, L-cysteine reduced the amplitude contractions significantly, whereas L-cysteine did not lead to significant changes in the amplitude of contractions in terms of modeling diabetes. These data indicate that the sensitivity of mice’s atria reduced for H₂S and L-cysteine in diabetes mellitus.

The article discusses the data on the functioning of Na+,K+,2Cl– cotransport – the carrier providing electroneutral symport of sodium, potassium and chloride, as well as molecular mechanisms of the regulation and physiological significance of this carrier. We analyzed the novel data on involvement of ubiquitous isoform of Na+,K+,2Cl–cotransporter (NKCC1) in regulation of vascular smooth muscle contraction, and role of this carrier in the regulation of cell volume and intracellular chloride concentration.

Biomechanical features of flight phase when running long jump from place of different qualification sportsmen were investigated by method of Motion Tracking. The obtained results showed that the effective control of body position during the phase of flight can improve the effectiveness of jump actions.. This control is performed by moving parts of the body – bending legs at the knee, extension in the hip joints, the joints of the spine, shoulder joints and, as a consequence, any additional torque, contributing to increase the range of the jumping. In untrained persons the effectiveness of the management body in flight is reduced due to weak coordination and a predominance of actions aimed at safe. All the patterns can be viewed as the result of formation of a particular movement pattern, based on the interaction of vestibular and statokinetic reflexes.

 

Liver damages occur to 17.8% of blunt abdominal trauma cases. Postoperative mortality in liver damage is a high. It amounts to 4–10% in case of stab wounds, to 30.4–35,2% in case of closed injury, to 39.3% in case of concomitant injury. Complete hemostasis without damage to organ parenchyma is needed for liver surgical operation.

The aim of research is to evaluate the regenerative characteristics of liver tissue after hemostasis by nonequilibrium plasma in a long-term period.

Material and methods. Research was performed on 20 laboratory rats, 3 experimental groups. 10 intact animals and 5 animals in groups on 90th and 180th day. Surgery is resection of liver left lobe and coagulation with cold plasma coagulator. The biochemical control (glucose, ALT, AST, total bilirubin, direct, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, urea, α-amylase, CRP, fibrinogen, aPTT, PTT, INR), morphological study of rat liver were performed.

Results. After surgery with cold plasma hemostasis animals are active, early begin to eat. Fatal cases are not. Analysis of biochemical markers doesn't reveal statistically significant differences from the norm for the majority of indicators. Decrease of glucose concentration in the blood serum is observed in a long-term period. Histological analysis reveals an increase of the central and interlobular veins and moderate signs of edema on the 90th day. Hepatocytes with pronounced signs of protein and fatty degeneration are identified. Liver histology corresponds to the usual structure and is represented by liver lobules, separated by a small layer of connective tissue on the 180th day.

Conclusion. Cold plasma coagulation in liver surgery showed effective hemostasis, minimal trauma of organ parenchyma, the lack of systemic effect and the subsequent complete regeneration of liver tissue in the treatment area.

Nitric oxide II (NO), carbon monoxide (СО) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) for many decades were described as the toxic gases inducing damaging action in man’s organisms. Recently it was found that NO, CO and H2S endogenously synthesized and served as signaling molecules of autocrine and paracrine regulation in many systems. The properties, mechanisms of synthesis and action in excitable systems are presented in this paper. Besides we also descried our results concerning the effects and mechanisms of action of gaseous messengers in peripheral nervous system – in neuromuscular junction.

 

TO 90TH BIRTHDAY