Aim. To perform a direct comparison of the diagnostic efficacy of [^99mTc]Tc-ADAPT6 and [^99mTc]Tc-(HE) -G3 in HER2-positive breast cancer patients before the systemic treatment.

Materials and methods. The study included 11 patients with HER2-positive breast cancer (T1–4N0–2M0–1) before the initiation of systemic treatment. All patients underwent a radionuclide examination with [^99mTc]TcADAPT6 and [^99mTc]Tc-(HE) -G3 with the interval of 3–4 days. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) /computed tomography (CT) was performed 2 and 4 hours after [^99mTc]Tc-ADAPT6 and [^99mTc]Tc(HE)₃-G3 administration, respectively.

Results. The analysis of [^99mTc]Tc-ADAPT6 and [^99mTc]Tc-(HE) -G3 distribution showed their high uptake in the kidneys and liver. Breast tumors were visualized in all cases. The average tumor uptake of [99mTc]Tc-ADAPT6 was 4.7 ± 2.1, which was significantly higher than in the [99mTc]Tc-(HE)3-G3 injection (3.5 ± 1.7) (p < 0.005, paired t-test). The tumor-to-background ratio (15.2 ± 7.4 and 19.6 ± 12.4, respectively) had no statistical differences in both cases (p > 0.05, paired t-test). Liver metastases were visualized in patients 1 and 5 and corresponded to the projection of metastases according to contrast-enhanced abdominal CT. The accumulation of [^99mTc]Tc-ADAPT6 and [^99mTc]Tc-(HE)3-G3 in the projection of metastases in both cases was significantly higher compared to the primary tumor (1.3 and 1.7 times higher in patient 1; 2.2 and 3.5 times higher in patient 5, respectively).

Conclusion. Both [^99mTc]Tc-ADAPT6 and [^99mTc]Tc-(HE)3-G3 demonstrated the diagnostic efficacy in visualizing a primary HER2-positive tumor in breast cancer patients. However, [99mTc]Tc-ADEPT6 had higher accumulation values, which makes it a more promising diagnostic agent.

Aim. To evaluate the prevalence of leptin resistance (LR) and its clinical and prognostic value in association with metabolic disorders and features of the proinflammatory state in the hospital period of myocardial infarction.

Materials and methods. The study included 114 men diagnosed with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (MI). On day 1 and 12 of MI, the levels of leptin and leptin receptor were measured in patients, and the free leptin index (FLI) was calculated. Leptin resistance (LR) was recorded at leptin > 6.45 ng / ml and FLI > 25. A comparative analysis of clinical and anamnestic characteristics, biochemical parameters, and cardiovascular prognosis was carried out between patients with and without LR. Statistical data processing was carried out using the Statistica 10.0 software package and SPSS 17.0 for Windows.

Results. The prevalence of LR in the hospital period of MI was 64%. LR was associated with cardiovascular pathology in the family history, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity. The presence of LR was accompanied by a significant increase in the level of glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), and interleukin (IL)-6 on day 1 of MI and by a significant rise in insulin, C-peptide, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) throughout the hospital stay. Patients with LR were characterized by multi-vessel and more severe lesions of the coronary bed and were more often subject to early post-infarction angina, recurrent MI, rhythm and conduction disturbances during hospital stay for MI.

Conclusion. Patients with MI are characterized by high prevalence of LR during the hospital stay. LR is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, metabolic disorders, formation of insulin resistance, and increased proinflammatory and prothrombogenic factors. The identified features in the presence of LR probably contribute to the development of adverse cardiovascular events in the hospital period of MI.

Aim. To carry out a 12-month study on the prognostic role of humoral markers responsible for the main mechanisms of initiation of cardiotoxic myocardial damage (endothelin-1, soluble Fas-L, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP9, soluble form of the ST2 protein (sST2), a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and tetranectin) in assessing the risk of progression of anthracycline-related left ventricular dysfunction.

Materials and methods. The study included a total of 114 women aged 48.0 (46.0; 52.0) years without concomitant cardiovascular diseases and risk factors who received chemotherapy with anthracyclines in the past. The levels of serum biomarkers were determined using the enzyme immunoassay. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed at baseline and at 12 months of follow-up.

Results. After 12 months of follow-up, all patients were retrospectively divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n = 54) included patients with an unfavorable course of anthracycline-related cardiac dysfunction (ARCD), group 2 (n = 60) encompassed patients with a favorable course of the disease. According to the ROC analysis, MMP-2 ≥ ≥ 338.8 pg / ml (sensitivity 57%, specificity 78%; AUC = 0.629; p = 0.025), MMP-9 ≥ 22.18 pg / ml (sensitivity 89%, specificity 87%; AUC = 0.886; p < 0.001), sST2 ≥ 32.4 ng / ml (sensitivity 64%, specificity 70.5%; AUC = 0.691; p = 0.002), and tetranectin ≤ 15.4 pg / ml (sensitivity 69%, specificity 72%; AUC = 0.764; p < 0.001) were identified as predictors of an adverse course of ARCD. When comparing ROC curves, it was found that the concentration of MMP-9 (p = 0.002) was the most significant predictor of the progression of ARCD.

Conclusion. MMP-2 and -9, soluble ST2, and tetranectin can be considered as non-invasive markers for assessing the risk of ARCD progression. At the same time, an increased level of MMP-9 is the most significant predictor of ARCD progression.

Aim. To assess the association of the MnSOD (rs4880) and GPX1 (rs1050450) gene polymorphisms with a risk of developing chronic dust-induced bronchitis in workers of the coal mining industry.

Materials and methods. The study included 182 coal miners with prolonged exposure to high concentrations of coal dust, including 116 people with a previously established diagnosis of chronic dust-induced bronchitis (CDB) and 66 people without pathology of the bronchopulmonary system, working under the same sanitary and hygienic conditions. Polymorphisms of the MnSOD (rs4880) and GPX1 (rs1050450) genes were studied using polymerase chain reaction.

Results. For the first time, we established a statistically significant association between the polymorphisms of the MnSOD (rs4880) and GPX1 genes (rs1050450) and CDB. Thus, the chance of detecting the homozygous A/A (Val/Val) MnSOD genotype in miners with CDB was 2 times higher than in the comparison group ( χ² – 5.42; р = 0.02; odds ratio (OR) 2.21; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–4.33), while the chance of detecting the homozygous G/G (Pro/Pro) GPX1 genotype in miners with CDB was almost 6 times higher than in the comparison group (χ2 – 21.47; р = 0.001; OR 5.89; 95% CI 2.65–13.08). It was found that the combination of AA/GG genotypes of the MnSOD/GPX1 genes was significantly associated with a 1.5-fold risk of developing CDB (χ² – 11.49; р ˂ 0.001; relative risk (RR) 1.59; 95% CI 1.36–1.84), while the chance of detecting this combination of genotypes in miners with bronchopulmonary pathology was 15 times higher than in the comparison group (OR 15.09; 95% CI 1.99–114.64).

Conclusion. Carriage of homozygous genotypes A/A at the rs4880 MnSOD locus and G/G at the rs1050450 GPX1 locus was shown to be a marker of genetic predisposition to the development of CDB. The combination of homozygous genotypes of the studied AA/GG MnSOD/GPX1 genes indicated a 1.5-fold risk of developing CDB. Carrying one of the three combinations of the MnSOD and GPX1 genotypes (GG/AA, AA/AA, and AG/AA) indicated resistance to the development of CDB.

Aim. To identify endogenous risk factors for the development of glaucoma and cataracts based on the results of a comparative analysis of the nature of complex genetic trait distribution, including variants of genes for a number of cytokines and receptors for them, metalloproteinases, and their tissue inhibitors included in the genome of patients.

Materials and methods. The study included 501 people of the Caucasian race born and living in the Siberian region of Russia. They were divided into three groups of patients – patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) (n = 99), patients with senile cataract (n = 100), and the control group (n = 302) without ophthalmic pathology. Genotyping of the analyzed polymorphic loci was carried out by real-time PCR using the SYBRGreen I dye and TaqMan probes and by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for different polymorphisms.

Results. The results of the study on the frequency of the analyzed genetic traits among patients with POAG compared to the control group showed the presence of combined genetic traits. The frequency of their detection in POAG was high and characterized by the two-digit value of the odds ratio, high values of specificity (99–100%), and high diagnostic coefficient. A direct comparison of the distribution of two ensembles of genes which protein products are involved in the extracellular matrix remodeling revealed a significant number of genetic traits characteristic of both diseases. This indicates significant differences in the implementation of the genetic predisposition to their development.

Conclusion. The data obtained indicate the possibility of developing reliable laboratory criteria (riskometers) for predicting predisposition to the development of POAG and early diagnosis at the stage of preclinical manifestations.

Aim. To study the efficacy of dermal hydrogel application in the experimental treatment of superficial scarified wounds in rats.

Materials and methods. The hydrogel was obtained from porcine dermis by alkaline hydrolysis. The DNA concentration was determined using the Nano Drop ND-1000 spectrophotometer. The study included 30 male Sphinx rats. Scarified wounds were created on the rat skin, then the rats were divided into two groups: group 1 – rats without treatment, or control group (n = 15), group 2 – rats with wound treatment with the dermal hydrogel for 5 days, or experimental group (n = 15). On day 3, 7, and 14 of the experiment, we explanted skin samples from the wound area and performed routine H&E staining.

Results. On day 3 of the experiment, moderate inflammation, edema, and collagen fiber disorganization were revealed in the experimental group, and pronounced inflammation with purulent exudate was found in the control group. On day 7 of the experiment, inflammation and foci of stratified epithelium were detected in the control group. The histologic analysis of the skin samples from the experimental group showed pronounced plethora of the vessels, necrotic changes of the dermis, and edema. The total thickness of the epidermis and the thickness of its stratum corneum were greater than in the control group samples. On day 14, the differences between the groups were minimal and the epidermis was thickened in the experimental group animals.

Conclusion. The study examined the effects of the dermal hydrogel on scarified wounds in rats. We found faster skin regeneration (by 1.5–2 days) in the experimental group compared to the controls. Besides, the rats of the experimental group were characterized by an increase in the number of fibroblasts in the dermis and thickened epidermis in the affected area.

Hyperactivation of the sympathoadrenal system (SAS) leads to desensitization of β1-adrenergic receptors (β1-AR). This contributes to aggravation of myocardial contractile dysfunction and development of arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation (AF). An indirect indicator of the viability of β1-AR is β-adrenergic receptor reactivity of erythrocyte membranes (β-ARM).

Aim. To evaluate β-ARM in patients with different forms of AF, including left (LAD) or right (RAD) atrial dilation.

Materials and methods. The sample included 38 patients, 65.8% of whom had paroxysmal AF, 21% had persistent AF, and 13.2% had long-standing persistent AF. All patients received surgical treatment for AF by radiofrequency ablation or cryoablation. LAD was detected in 39.4% of patients, RAD – in 34.2% of patients. Βeta-ARM was determined before treatment, as well as at 3 days and at 12 months after ablation.

Results. The groups of patients with different forms of AF, as well as patients with LAD / RAD and without it showed comparable values of β-ARM at different measurement periods. In the group of patients without LAD / RAD, β-ARM increased 3 days after ablation compared to β-ARM before the treatment (p = 0.002 / p = 0.004) and returned to the pre-treatment level after 3 months. At the same time, in the group of patients with LAD / RAD, β-ARM did not significantly change before the ablation and in different periods after it.

Conclusion. In patients with AF without LAD / RAD, we detected an increase in β-ARM 3 days after the ablation compared to the level before the treatment and a decrease in the intensity of SAS 3 months after the surgery. In the presence of LAD / RAD, no changes in the β-ARM were revealed.

Aim. To investigate the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder symptoms and their associations with behavioral attitudes and perception of the future among the Russian youth.

Materials and methods. The study involved 1,300 people aged 16–25 years and was conducted online in October 2022 using online questionnaires, which included the GAD-7 screening questionnaire on the severity of anxiety symptoms.

Results. According to the questionnaire, 25.5% of young people who participated in the study reported medium to high intensity of anxiety symptoms. These respondents were significantly more likely to perceive the country’ future negatively (p = 0.002). In addition, the largest proportion of people who reported a motive to leave the country (38.6%) was registered among young people who were at risk of generalized anxiety disorder. The authors emphasize that the study results should be interpreted in relation to the time period of data collection.

Conclusion. The study showed that generalized anxiety disorder symptoms negatively affected the perception of the future among young people and highlighted the need for primary psychological prevention in this age group.

Aim. To study the level of metabolic hormones in young people with arterial hypertension (AH) against the background of abdominal obesity (AO).

Materials and methods. The study included 498 people who were divided into two groups. The experimental group encompassed 250 people with AH, of which – 159 people had AO, the average systolic pressure – 141.9 ± 13.9 mm Hg, diastolic pressure – 95.6 ± 7.5 mm Hg. The control group included 248 people comparable to the experimental group by gender and age, of whom 104 people had AO, the average systolic pressure – 118.5 ± 9.8 mm Hg, diastolic pressure – 77.8 ± 7.4 mm Hg. The levels of amylin, C-peptide, ghrelin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucagon, insulin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and peptide YY (PYY) were determined by the multiplex analysis. The level of glucose was determined by the enzymatic method. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the SPSS 13.0 software.

Results. Patients with AH had higher levels of amylin, C-peptide, and glucose and lower levels of PYY. There was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group for the rest of the studied parameters. In the experimental group, the C-peptide, GLP-1, glucagon, and insulin levels were associated with AO. In the control group, the association of AO with the levels of C-peptide, insulin, and glucose was shown. The odds of AH in people under the age of 45 years were associated with a decrease in the level of PYY, a rise in the amylin levels, and an increase in waist circumference.

Conclusion. Of the studied metabolic hormones, an increased level of amylin and reduced PYY can serve as potential biomarkers indicating high odds of developing AH in people under 45 years of age. AO is a factor that contributes to the development of AH at a young age.

The review summarizes and analyzes the results of domestic and major foreign studies of recent years concerning the prevalence of metabolic syndrome components and the explanation of their role in the mechanisms of sarcoidosis development. A deep understanding of the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MS) in terms of the role in it of risk factors for a severe course and complications of most socially sensitive noncommunicable diseases clustered within MS can underly the development of effective pathogen-specific approaches to MS treatment.

Sarcopenia is associated with social, economic, and individual burdens, including loss of independence, poor quality of life, and disability. In a short period of time, ideas about sarcopenia transformed from geriatric syndrome to disease. Initially, sarcopenia was considered in the context of gradual age-related deterioration in the functioning of all physiological systems. Over the years, it became clear that it can develop a second time, as a consequence of various diseases and pathological conditions.

To date, there have been no generally accepted diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia. There are several tests and tools available for screening sarcopenia, the choice of which depends on physical capabilities of the patient, capabilities of the medical institution, and the purpose for which it is detected (research or clinical practice).

From the point of view of human health, sarcopenia increases the risk of falls and fractures; impairs the ability to perform daily activities; is associated with the progression of major diseases and cognitive impairments; leads to movement disorders; contributes to a decrease in the quality of life, loss of independence or a need for long-term care. The presence of sarcopenia increases both the risk of hospitalization and hospitalization costs.

The aim of the literature review is to provide an analysis of up-to-date information on the causes, pathogenesis, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and consequences of sarcopenia, myosteatosis, and sarcopenic obesity. The search for literature containing information on relevant studies was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar by the following keywords: sarcopenia, dynapenia, myosteatosis, sarcopenic obesity, nutritional status, malnutrition.

Recognizing the fact that isolated left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction (DD) underlies approximately 50% of all heart failure cases requires a deep understanding of its principal mechanisms so that effective diagnostic and treatment strategies can be developed. Despite abundance of knowledge about the mechanisms underlying DD, many important questions regarding the pathophysiology of diastole remain unresolved. In particular, the role of endosarcomeric cytoskeleton pathology in the deterioration of the so-called active (relaxation of the LV myocardium and the atrioventricular pressure gradient at the beginning of diastole, closely related to it in a healthy heart) and passive (myocardial stiffness) characteristics of diastole needs to be clarified.

The lecture briefly discusses the complex hierarchy of DD mechanisms (from the sarcomere to the whole heart) and covers the role of the giant protein titin in the latter, which is the main determinant of intracellular stiffness. Impairment of myocardial relaxation and deterioration of its wall compliance under a wide range of pathological conditions (pressure overload, ischemia, inflammation, cardiotoxic effects, oxidative stress, etc.) underlying DD can be explained by a shift in titin expression toward its more rigid N2B isoform, hypophosphorylation by protein kinases A and G or dephosphorylation by serine / threonine phosphatase 5 of its molecule in the extensible protein segment containing a unique N2B sequence, hyperphosphorylation of PEVK regions of titin by protein kinase C, as well as inhibition of the Ca²+-dependent titin – actin interaction.

The results of deciphering these mechanisms can become a tool for developing new approaches to targeted therapy for diastolic heart failure that currently does not have effective treatment, on the one hand, and the key to understanding the therapeutic effects of drugs already used to treat chronic heart failure with preserved LV ejection fraction, on the other hand.

The aim of the study was to identify the predicted spectrum of biological activity of pyruvate and lactate using modern computer modeling methods and to determine potential protein partners in intermolecular interaction.

Materials and methods. The biological activity spectrum of pyruvate and lactate by the structural formula was determined using the PASS (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances) software. Potential protein interaction partners for small molecules were predicted using the Search Tool for Interactions Chemicals (STITCH).

Results. Analyzing the obtained results in silico reveals that pyruvate and lactate exhibit diverse biological activities, molecular mechanisms, and pharmacological effects. These include regulation of lipid, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism and effects on enzyme activity and gene expression. The data on the antihypoxic, antiischemic, antitoxic, immunomodulatory, antiinflammatory, antiviral, vasoprotective, and cytoprotective effects are presented. The neuroprotective and antineurotoxic effects of pyruvate and lactate are predicted.

Conclusion. The spectrum of biological activities of lactate and pyruvate were revealed by computer modeling methods, and protein interaction partners were characterized. The small molecules we studied have a coordinating role in the functioning and modulation of mediator, hormonal, receptor, immune, inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral responses and gene expression. The use of natural intermediates as therapeutic agents for the treatment of ischemic stroke, acute neurological disorders, and neurodegeneration is discussed, which is underlain by the stimulating effect of metabolites on neuroplasticity. These properties may be manifested through conformational rearrangement of receptors, active binding centers, expression of multiple genes, and changes in the functional manifestations of catalytic and other proteins. The obtained data will obviously expand our understanding of the role of small molecules in intermolecular metabolite – protein interactions.

Aim. Following the analysis of literature data, to determine significant factors of intestinal obstruction in patients with colorectal cancer.

Materials and methods. We analyzed 84 literature sources from the Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases, as well as open access articles on Google.

Results. The predominant causes of anastomotic leaks after operations for colorectal cancer are discussed, the role of the microbiome in the development of postoperative complications is analyzed. The intestinal microbiome of patients with colorectal cancer contains bacteria that are not normally found under physiological conditions. These bacteria contribute to the development of disease, suture failure after surgery for intestinal obstruction, and progression of carcinogenesis. This effect is due to the production of bacterial metabolites, the effect on the human immunity, and competition with obligate intestinal microflora. On the other hand, the use of drug therapy, including antibiotics, leads to mass death of obligate bacteria. Therefore, it is important to search for drugs and treatment methods that, if possible, do not have a significant negative impact on the microbiome, but are capable of destroying pathogenic microorganisms. The concept of Russian authors was proposed, which consists in the intraluminal use of rifaximin-α for the prevention of purulent and septic complications and anastomotic leaks during reconstructive surgeries on the distal colon.

The aim of the literature review was to highlight modern scientific sources on the formation and clinical manifestations of cognitive impairment in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) after diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Type 1 DM is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders in childhood and adolescence. DKA is the most common acute complication of type 1 DM that may cause cognitive impairment. Cerebral edema is the main cause of cerebral vascular insufficiency in patients with DKA. However, the mechanisms underlying the development of cognitive dysfunction in DKA have not been fully elucidated.

The leading hypotheses include development of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, disruption of neurogenesis, and neurodegeneration. Hypoxic – ischemic injury and changes in the brain neuroanatomy may also cause cognitive dysfunction. Disruption of some brain structures has been reported after DKA episodes, primarily affecting the white matter. Clinical studies in the pediatric population support the presence of a correlation between the severity and frequency of DKA and the severity of cognitive impairment. Cognitive dysfunction in children and adolescents after a DKA episode can manifest through decreased attention, impaired memory and executive function, and reduced IQ. The earliest possible diagnosis of cognitive impairment in pediatric patients with symptoms of DKA in the context of type 1 DM can improve the treatment prognosis for this endocrinopathy.

The problem of decreasing perinatal mortality is one of the pressing problems in modern obstetrics. Unfortunately, current methods of monitoring the intrauterine state of the fetus that are at the disposal of an obstetrician – gynecologist (сardiotocography, Doppler velocimetry) do not guarantee fetal wellbeing in the near-term outlook, and the number of tests is limited due to safety concerns. Consequently, there is ongoing search for alternative methods of obtaining information about the intrauterine state of the fetus (phonocardiography, electrocardiography). Using IT and mathematical data analysis has considerably enlarged the phonocardiography potential, including implementation of remote monitoring of the fetal health state.

A Tomsk-based company Diagnostika + LCC developed software and hardware appliance FetalCare aimed at 24-hour monitoring of the intrauterine state of the fetus based on audio data on the fetal cardiovascular system. Cardiointervalograms (CIG) obtained by phonocardiography allow to estimate the state of the fetus based on standard assessment criteria: basal heart rate, heart rate variability, presence of accelerations and decelerations, short-term variation (STV), and long-term variation (LTV). The developed appliance is non-invasive, relatively cheap, portable, and safe both for the mother and the fetus.

The aim of the review was to analyze modern experimental studies and clinical trials aimed at assessing metabolic activity of gut microbiota in bronchial asthma (BA) and helminth infections.

Being one of the most common chronic heterogeneous respiratory diseases, bronchial asthma secures its place among global health problems of great socioeconomic importance. In recent years, a lot of data has been accumulated indicating that the state of gut microbiota is an important factor determining the state of human health and affecting immune mechanisms underlying the development of allergic diseases in childhood. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota is due not only to changes in its composition, but also to disturbances in its metabolism. In accordance with the “gut – lung axis” concept, maintaining healthy gut microbiota and correcting its disorders, including strategies aimed at activating synthesis of short-chain fatty acids in the intestine, may become a new way to prevent and treat chronic respiratory diseases in childhood. In turn, experimental and epidemiological studies have shown the immunomodulatory activity of helminths. It is assumed that their impact on the composition and function of gut microbiota is one of the mechanisms by which helminths influence the immune response of the host and the course of BA.

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the most preferred method of myocardial revascularization in multivessel coronary artery disease and severe progressive forms of the disease. The material of choice for CABG of the left anterior descending artery (LADA) is the internal mammary artery (IMA). However, even when using IMA as a conduit for CABG, one should be aware of a possibility of graft failure, which indicates a need for constant vigilance in this category of patients. Endovascular interventions on coronary arteries make it possible to efficiently and safely revascularize an occluded bypass graft, minimizing existing risks and improving both the quality of life of patients and their subsequent survival. The article considers a clinical case of the development of recurrent anterior myocardial infarction in the patient due to occlusion of the mammary graft to the LADA.

As a result of the clinical study NCT04817501 “Phenotypic characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in tumors of the female reproductive system”, we developed a method for preoperative prediction of a recurrence risk in patients with stage T1 endometrial cancer (Patent No. 2762493 of 21.12.2021).

The article presents a clinical case of the use of multicolor flow cytometry in liquid biopsy of breast cancer (BC). CTCs were detected in the blood of a patient with T2N0M0 BC, stage IIA before the initiation of treatment. Using multicolor flow cytometry, various CTC phenotypes were studied and the Her2/neu and ki-67 markers were determined. These markers were also studied in the biopsy and surgical material of the BC tissue using immunohistochemistry. As a result of the study, it was shown that the molecular profile of CTCs in the blood taken before fine needle aspiration biopsy coincided with that of cancer cells in the BC tissue. In addition, the calculated risk of tumor progression before biopsy predicted recurrence of cancer in this patient 20 months before its occurrence. The obtained results show the practical utility of multicolor flow cytometry in liquid biopsy of cancers. The ability to evaluate CTCs by various molecular parameters can be useful for diagnosing, predicting, monitoring, and determining treatment strategies for cancer patients.